THE  AMERICAN  SOCIAL  HYGIENE 

Incorporated 


105  WEST  FORTIETH  STREET 


ASSOCIATION 

NEW  YORK  CITY 


MANUAL 

1920 


BLICATION  NO.  312 


THIS  handbook  has  been  prepared  to 
furnish  concise  and  accurate  informa¬ 
tion  on  social  hygiene  problems  to  the  end 
that  every  state  may  see  the  necessity  for 
supporting  measures  essential  to  their 
solution. 


SOCIAL  HYGIENE 
LEGISLATION 
MANUAL 
1920 


THE  AMERICAN  SOCIAL  HYGIENE  ASSOCIATION 

Incorporated 

105  WEST  FORTIETH  STREET  NEW  YORK  CITY 


PUBLICATION  NO.  312 


Copyright,  1920,  by 

The  American  Social  Hygiene  Association,  Inc. 


Publication  No.  312 


CONTENTS 


What  is  Social  Hygiene? . 

The  American  Plan . 

Social  Hygiene  Organizations . 

The  United  States  Interdepartmental  Social  Hygiene  Board.  . 
Division  of  Venereal  Diseases  of  the  United  States  Public 

Health  Service . 

State  Boards  of  Health . 

The  American  Social  Hygiene  Association . 

Laws  and  La\^  Enforcement . 

Medical  Methods  for  Combating  Venereal  Diseases . 

Protective  Social  Measures . 

Education:  Its  Relation  to  the  Program . 

Recreational  Activities . 


5 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

13 

15 

19 
22 
25 

20 


Appendix: 

Allotments  to  States . 

Federal  Rules  Governing  State  Allotments . 

Venereal  Diseases  in  the  Army . 

Cost  to  Employer  and  Employee . 

Provision  for  Treatment  of  Venereal  Diseases . 

Mhy  America  Cannot  Adopt  the  Old  European  Plan  for 

Dealing  with  Prostitution . 

The  Case  Against  the  Red  Light . 

Reform  Schools  and  Reformatories . 

Government  Pronouncements . 

Resolutions . 

Legislation  for  the  Repression  of  Prostitution . 

Standard  Forms  of  Laws . 

Repression  of  Prostitution . 

Fornication — Adultery . 

Injunction  and  Abatement . 

Control  of  Venereal  Diseases . 

Removal  from  Office . 

Reformatory  for  Women  or  Girls . 

Care  of  the  Feeble-minded . 

Index . 


27 

28 
32 
30 

39 

40 

43 

44 
40 
48 
51 
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55 

57 

58 
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[4] 


SOCIAL  HYGIENE  LEGISLATION 
MANUAL,  1920 


WHAT  IS  SOCIAL  HYGIENE? 

Social  hygiene,  as  it  is  popularly  understood  in  the  United 
States,  deals  with  the  welfare  of  the  family  and  the  race.  There¬ 
fore,  it  is  the  intimate  concern  of  everybody.  Whatever  tends 
to  conserve  and  strengthen  the  family  as  a  social  unit  and  whatever 
contributes  in  the  largest  way  to  the  happiness  and  productivity  of 
its  individual  members  and  to  the  highest  welfare  of  the  human  race; 
is  a  part  of  social  hygiene.  It  encourages  those  factors  which  build; 
up  a  better  home  life  and  endeavors  to  do  away  with  those  which  ^ 
tear  down  and  destroy  it. 

Rational  education  on  such  subjects  as  marriage,  divorce, repro¬ 
duction,  prostitution,  and  the  venereal  diseases  is  needed  in  order 
that  men,  women,  and  children  may  obtain  a  correct  social  point  of 
view.  Education  is  particularly  required  regarding  the  venereal 
diseases  because  they  are  more  closely  related  to  the  problems  of 
sex  and  the  welfare  of  the  family  than  other  communicable  dis¬ 
eases.  Hence,  social  hygiene  should  recognize  all  these  phases  of 
the  general  subject. 

Perhaps  the  most  pressing  questions  to  be  dealt  with  at  present 
are  those  regarding  prostitution  and  the  venereal  diseases,  two  of 
the  greatest  enemies  of  the  family. 

These  allied  public  foes,  aided  by  a  policy  of  ignorance  and 
mock  modesty,  menace  the  health  and  happiness  of  multitudes  in 
this  country.  Innocent  women  and  children  are  often  their  victims, 
and  many  of  the  nation’s  blind,  crippled,  and  insane  owe  their  dis¬ 
abilities  to  prostitution  and  its  corollaries,  syphilis  and  gonor¬ 
rhea.  Divorce,  desertion,  and  illegitimacy  are  other  conditions 
often  resulting  from  them. 

In  former  days  public  opinion  decreed  prostitution  a  “necessary 
evil,”— that  it  was  necessary  for  some  women  to  be  sacrificed  in 
order  that  others  might  be  protected. 

Now  the  public  realizes  that  it  is  wholly  evil  and  absolutely 
unnecessary.  This  change  in  opinion  marks  a  genuine  advance 

[5] 


WHAT  IS  SOCIAL  HYGIENE? 


in  social  hygiene.  Most  cities  have  awakened  to  the  fact  that  red- 
light  districts  mean  crime  and  disease.  Some  of  them  appointed 
impartial  commissions  to  investigate  the  matter  and  thus  the  light 
of  scientific  inquiry  was  turned  on  this  age-old  “profession,” — a 
profession  which  it  was  thought  should  never  be  disturbed  because 
it  never  had  been.1 

Every  investigation  resulted  in  these  conclusions :  first,  that  the 
whole  theory  of  prostitution  as  a  “necessary  evil”  is  false;  sec¬ 
ond,  that  commercial  prostitution  is  an  artificial  product  existing 
through  the  stimulation  of  trade  by  advertising,  and  through  the 
exploitation  of  girls  and  women  to  supply  the  artificially  created 
demand.  Intelligent  men  and  women  then  began  to  brush  away 
the  cobwebs  of  ignorance  and  superstitution  and  to  consider  the  sub¬ 
ject  in  the  light  of  these  facts.  Out  of  the  various  suggestions 
which  were  made  for  eliminating  prostitution,  two  general  lines  of 
campaign  developed.  One  endeavored  primarily  to  repress  prosti¬ 
tution  and  abolish  the  white-slave  traffic ;  the  other,  to  spread  educa¬ 
tion  regarding  sex  and  the  venereal  diseases.  Now  various  agen¬ 
cies,  governmental  and  voluntary,  are  combining  these  two  methods 
of  attack  and  utilizing  others. 

The  history  of  prostitution  shows  that  measures  aimed  at  the 
regulation  and  segregation  of  prostitutes  are  ineffective  as  means 
of  repressing  the  business  and  controlling  the  venereal  diseases.  It 
is  also  the  experience  of  social-hygiene  workers  that  repressive 
laws  are  inadequate  unless  supplemented  by  measures  for  the  care 
and  rehabilitation  of  prostitutes,  for  medical  treatment  of  persons 


i  During  the  period  1910-20  such  investigations 
lowing  cities  in  the  United  States: 


Atlanta,  Ga.,  1912 
Baltimore,  Md.,  1916 
Baton  Rouge,  La.,  1914 
Bay  City,  Mich.,  1914 
Bridgeport,  Conn.,  1916 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  1913 
Chicago,  Ill.,  1911 
Cleveland,  Ohio,  1916 
Columbus,  Ohio,  1919 
Denver,  Colo,  1913 
Elmira,  N.  Y.,  1913 


Grand  Rapids,  Mich., 
1912 

Hartford,  Conn.,  1913 
Kansas  City,  Mo.,  1911 
Lafayette,  Ind.,  1913 
Lancaster,  Pa.,  1913 
Lexington,  Ky.,  1915 
Little  Rock,  Ark.,  1913 
Minneapolis,  Minn.,  1911 
New  York,  N.  Y.,  1910 
Newark,  N.  J.,  1914 


were  conducted  in.  the  fol- 

Philadelphia,  Pa.,  1913 
Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  1917 
Portland,  Me.,  1914 
Portland,  Ore.,  1912 
St.  Louis,  Mo.,  1914 
San  Francisco,  Cal.,  1911 
Shreveport,  La.,  1915 
Springfield,  Ill.,  1915 
Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  1913 
Utica,  N.  Y.,  1918 


[6] 


WHAT  IS  SOCIAL  HYGIENE? 


infected  with  venereal  diseases,  and  for  educational  and  recreational 
measures  designed  to  prevent  sex  crimes  and  disease  by  creating  a 
healthy  social  consciousness.  Past  difficulties  arose  largely  from 
the  failure  to  deal  with  prostitutes  as  human  beings  who  must  live, 
rather  than  as  vermin  to  be  disposed  of  in  a  night. 

The  government  of  the  United  States  decided  that  the  only  way 
to  deal  with  prostitution  in  the  cantonment  zones  was  by  repressive 
measures  rather  than  attempts  at  regulation.  It  did  not  try  to 
make  the  rattlesnake  harmless  by  extracting  its  fangs.  It  chose 
rather  to  kill  the  snake  outright  as  an  enemy  to  national  efficiency 
and  welfare.  This  policy  was  adopted  because  of  the  proof  that 
red-light  districts  and  single  houses  of  prostitution  were  breeding- 
places  of  crime  and  disease,  possessing  not  a  single  attribute  of 
benefit  to  the  community. 

The  nation’s  war  experiences  emphasized  these  and  other  facts 
of  a  similar  nature,  and  it  has  been  truthfully  said  that  the  social- 
hygiene  movement  advanced  further  during  the  three  war  years 
than  it  had  during  the  preceding  half  century. 

While  preparing  for  and  carrying  on  the  war,  officials  found 
answers  to  many -mooted  questions  and  dealt  death  blows  to  many 
old  time  fallacies.  The  detention  and  medical  examination  of  many 
prostitutes,  done  as  a  war  measure,  proved  beyond  doubt  that  pros¬ 
titution  cannot  be  made  safe.2  The  actual  abolition  of  red-light 
districts  and  of  single  houses  of  prostitution  outside  of  the  district 
proved  that  commercial  prostitution  can  be  destroyed.  Draft 
examinations  demonstrated  that  venereal  diseases  are  the  greatest 
menace  to  our  national  health  and  efficiency  and  that  adequate 
facilities  for  their  early  diagnosis  and  treatment  are  necessary  if 
they  are  to  be  successfully  controlled.  Other  facts  brought  into  the 
open  were  that  ignorance  of  these  diseases  and  their  consequences 
underlies  much  of  the  wreckage  they  cause,  and  that  protective 
measures  are  essential  elements  in  any  effective  community  program. 
Money  must  be  spent  to  carry  on  these  control  measures  which  have 
proved  their  worth,  but  this  money  will  be  well  spent. 

The  war  also  served  to  secure  for  social  hygiene,  governmental 
recognition  and  administrative  machinery  of  the  highest  order. 


2  From  60%  to  95%  of  these  prostitutes  were  found  infected  with  syphilis, 
gonorrhea,  or  both,  despite  the  fact  that  many  of  them  had  medical  certifi¬ 
cates  to  the  contrary. 


m 


WHAT  IS  SOCIAL  HYGIENE? 


All  the  agencies  in  the  field  were  coordinated  and,  as  a  result  of  their 
team  work,  more  than  130  red-light  districts  were  closed,  many  hun¬ 
dreds  of  single  houses  of  prostitution  were  abolished,  more  than  800 
communities  conducted  local  campaigns  against  venereal  diseases, 
and  more  than  3,000,000  men  in  the  army  received  definite  informa¬ 
tion  about  venereal  diseases.  Millions  of  educational  pamphlets 
were  distributed  among  the  civilian  population  and  medical  facili¬ 
ties  were  established  in  many  communities  and  industries. 

It  is  of  note  that  there  has  been  no  let-up  of  activity  on  the  part 
of  social  hygiene  agencies  since  the  war.  They  realize  that  venereal 
disease  is  a  greater  problem  in  time  of  peace  than  during  war.  In 
fact,  the  army  records  show  that  where  one  case  of  venereal  disease 
was  contracted  after  entering  the  army,  five  were  brought  in  by  the 
draft  from  the  civilian  population. 

To  meet  this  problem  of  civil  life  and  to  conserve  the  effective 
measures  already  in  operation  was  the  purpose  of  Congress  in 
appropriating  $4,100,000  for  carrying  on  the  venereal  disease 
fight  in  the  federal  fiscal  years  1919  and  1920,  and  $1,015,000  for 
the  fiscal  year  1921. 

A  large  part  of  this  appropriation  went  to  aid  the  various  states 
in  establishing  their  machinery.  By  means  of  this  federal  assis¬ 
tance  there  has  been  established  in  connection  with  the  state  depart¬ 
ments  of  health  in  forty-seven  states  divisions  of  venereal  disease 
control,  in  charge  of  a  commissioned  officer  of  the  United  States 
Public  Health  Service,  or  some  other  person  approved  by  the 
Service.  Consequently,  there  is  now  in  every  state  in  the  Union, 
save  one ,  machinery  for  waging  an  aggressive  warfare  on  the  vene¬ 
real  menace.  In  a  majority  of  states  this  is  being  done.  The 
question  now  before  the  nation  is  “Shall  the  fight  be  continued?” 
With  this  answered  in  the  affirmative  comes  the  necessity  for  giving 
the  fighting  forces  that  support  which  will  enable  them  to  win  a  final 
victory. 

Here  is  the  situation :  The  federal  government’s  appropriation 
for  allotments  to  the  states  for  the  prevention,  treatment,  and  con¬ 
trol  of  venereal  diseases  in  1921  is  $546,345.30.  The  states  receive 
their  allotments  on  a  50-50  basis.  That  is,  every  dollar  that  is  paid 
by  the  federal  government  must  be  matched  by  a  dollar  paid  by 
the  state.  The  federal  appropriation  for  this  year  constitutes  a 
retrenchment  of  about  50%  from  the  previous  one.  It  will  be 

m 


THE  AMERICAN  PLAN 


seen,  therefore,  that  the  states  must  increase  their  appropriations 
in  order  to  maintain  even  their  present  activities. 

It  will  not  be  enough,  however,  merely  to  hold  the  ground 
already  gained.  A  lasting  victory  can  be  achieved  only  through  the 
continued  and  increased  support  of  every  state.  Additional  legisla¬ 
tion  is  needed ;  new  appropriations  are  essential  to  carry  on  activi¬ 
ties  already  started  and  to  provide  for  further  progress.  These 
responsibilities  rest  to  a  great  extent  upon  the  lawmakers. 

To  them  is  entrusted  the  protection  of  social  and  moral  rights 
in  their  commonwealth.  They  should  ask  themselves,  “Is  it  not  the 
better  part  of  wisdom  to  spend  more  for  the  'prevention  of  disease, 
blindness,  insanity,  and  wrecked  homes  than  to  relieve  their 
results?”  By  supporting  the  clinic,  the  industrial  home,  and  other 
social-hygiene  activities  a  state  can  promote  the  health,  welfare, 
and  efficiency  of  all  its  citizens.  It  can  protect  the  men,  women, 
and  children  of  this  generation  while  at  the  same  time  providing  a 
heritage  for  those  of  the  future. 

Happy  homes  with  healthy  parents  and  children  are  the  real 
wealth  of  a  nation.  Will  you  help  to  put  your  state  on  record  as 
one  believing  in  and  supporting  to  the  best  of  its  ability  this  cam¬ 
paign  for  healthy  bodies  and  wholesome  social  standards? 


THE  AMERICAN  PLAN 

Of  all  programs  ever  devised  for  the  prevention  and  control  of 
the  venereal  diseases,  the  one  inaugurated  and  put  into  effect  by 
the  United  States  Government  is  the  most  workable.  This  program, 
known  internationally  as  the  “American  plan,”  consists  of  a  four¬ 
fold  method  of  combating  syphilis  and  gonorrhea. 

The  four  measures  making  up  this  plan  are  law  enforcement, 
medical  measures,  recreation,  and  education.  Each  has  an  impor¬ 
tant  place  in  the  scheme  and  all  are  essential  to  its  execution. 

No  better  social  laboratory  could  have  been  provided  for  a 
fair,  comprehensive  test  of  the  value  of  this  program  than  the 
American  army  cantonments,  and  its  great  success  there,  under  the 
most  trying  and  adverse  circumstances,  proved  its  definite  value. 
Law  enforcement  prevented  many  exposures  to  venereal  diseases  by 
taking  necessary  legal  steps  to  limit  and  repress  the  activities  of 


SOCIAL  HYGIENE  ORGANIZATIONS 


the  prostitute  class.  Medical  measures  prevented  the  spread  of 
infections  by  curing  or  at  least  rendering  non-infectious  those  who 
contracted  syphilis  or  gonorrhea.  Clean  and  wholesome  recreation 
played  its  part  by  providing  healthy  and  entertaining  spare-time 
activities  for  the  men,  while  education  as  to  the  prevalence  and  seri¬ 
ousness  of  these  diseases,  combined  with  an  appeal  to  the  inherent 
decency  and  chivalry  of  the  men  in  service,  had  a  strong  influence 
on  their  conduct. 

So  valuable  was  this  program  in  the  army  that  Surgeon  Gen¬ 
eral  Ireland  said  of  it:  “The  great  outstanding  fact  of  importance 
for  our  future  work  is  that  the  American  plan  of  a  coordinated 
attack  on  venereal  disease  from  all  sides  is  successful  under  any 
conditions  where  it  has  had  a  fair  trial,”  and  further,  “any  attack 
which  omits  either  law  enforcement,  medical,  recreational,  or  educa¬ 
tional  measures  is  not  likely  to  be  a  complete  success.” 

The  problem  of  controlling  venereal  diseases  in  civil  life  involves 
most  of  the  same  elements  with  which  the  army  had  to  deal,  and 
the  same  many-sided  type  of  attack  is  required.  States  and  com¬ 
munities  which  have  already  put  the  American  plan  into  effect  will 
vouch  for  its  value. 

Legislative  enactments  providing  laws  and  appropriations  to 
back  up  this  program  must  be  forthcoming  if  progress  is  to  be  con¬ 
tinued.  Each  individual  state  can  establish  the  measures  of  the 
plan  within  its  own  borders  if  it  will.  Every  commonwealth  has  the 
opportunity  to  utilize  this  decisive  factor  for  solving  what  General 
Gorgas  called  “the  most  serious  problem  of  public  health  confront¬ 
ing  our  nation  at  the  present  time.” 


SOCIAL  HYGIENE  ORGANIZATIONS 

The  agencies  at  work  in  the  field  of  social  hygiene  are  the 
United  States  Interdepartmental  Social  Hygiene  Board,  the  United 
States  Public  Health  Service,  the  American  Social  Hygiene  Asso¬ 
ciation,  the  state  boards  of  health,  and  many  local  organizations.3 
The  League  of  Women  Voters  and  the  Woman’s  Christian  Temper- 

3  The  American  Red  Cross,  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  Y.  W.  C.  A.,  Y.  M.  H.  A.,  Rotary  and 
Kiwanis  Clubs,  and  Chambers  of  Commerce  are  among  the  noteworthy  support¬ 
ers  of  the  nation-wide  social-hygiene  campaign. 

[10J 


SOCIAL  HYGIENE  ORGANIZATIONS 


ance  Union  through  their  state  and  local  committees  have  pledged 
the  influence  of  thousands  of  women  to  the  campaign. 

By  close  cooperation  in  their  activities,  these  agencies  present  a 
solid  front  in  attacking  any  social-hygiene  problem.  They  have 
inaugurated  the  most  nearly  complete  program  ever  undertaken 
for  the  control,  prevention,  and  eradication  of  venereal  diseases  and 
the  advancement  of  social  hygiene  generally. 


The  United  States  Interdepartmental  Social 
Hygiene  Board 

The  United  States  Interdepartmental  Social  Hygiene  Board  was 
created  by  act  of  Congress  on  July  9,  1918,  for  the  purpose  of 
protecting  the  civil  population  of  the  United  States  against  vene¬ 
real  diseases  and  for  meeting  the  immediate  emergencies  of  the  war. 

Its  program  (1)  involves  a  search  for  additional  accurate  infor¬ 
mation  concerning  the  causes,  carriers,  prevention,  treatment,  and 
control  of  venereal  diseases;  (2)  includes  measures  for  the  appro¬ 
priate  distribution  of  this  information;  (3)  provides  for  the  devel¬ 
opment  of  sound  and  constructive  methods  of  sex  education;  (4) 
acts  as  the  distributor  and  auditor  for  those  funds  which  the  federal 
government  has  appropriated  to  each  state  on  a  dollar-for-dollar 
basis  for  the  prevention  and  cure  of  venereal  diseases  in  that  state ; 
and  (5)  supplies  plans  and  resources  for  the  employment  of  social 
measures  for  protection  against  and  for  the  care  of  persons  infected 
with  these  diseases. 

Since  the  initiation  of  this  comprehensive  program,  for  the  exe¬ 
cution  of  which  the  government  provided  both  the  financial  resources 
and  the  administrative  machinery,  something  over  $3,500,000  has 
been  expended  through  the  Board,  and  the'  expenditure  of  an  even 
larger  sum  has  been  made  by  state  and  local  governments  and  by 
volunteer  agencies. 

At  present  39  colleges,  universities,  and  normal  schools  are  being 
aided  in  the  establishment  or  enlargement  of  departments  of  hygiene. 
More  than  100  men  and  women  are  at  work  in  22  institutions  to 
perfect  better  medical  treatment  and  preventive  measures  for  gon' 
orrhea,  syphilis,  and  chancroid.  In  the  field  are  149  protective 
social  workers  and  other  agents  engaged  in  establishing  protective 
social  measures  throughout  the  United  States. 

[11] 


SOCIAL  HYGIENE  ORGANIZATIONS 


Division  of  Venereal  Diseases  of 
The  United  States  Public  Health  Service 

The  United  States  Public  Health  Service,  “the  country’s  first 
and  last  line  of  defense,”  as  it  has  been  termed,  has  general  control 
of  federal  public-health  activities  throughout  the  nation.  It  came 
into  being  about  the  year  1798  as  the  Marine  Hospital  Service  and 
has  had  its  activities  and  responsibilities  expanded  by  acts  of  Con¬ 
gress  until  now  it  is  the  recognized  court  of  final  resort  in  public- 
health  emergencies. 

The  Division  of  Venereal  Diseases  of  the  Public  Health  Service 
was  created  under  the  same  act  of  Congress  as  was  the  United 
States  Interdepartmental  Social  Hygiene  Board.  The  purpose  of 
this  Division  is  first ,  to  cooperate  with  state  boards  of  health  for 
the  prevention  and  control  of  such  diseases  within  the  states*;  sec¬ 
ond ,  to  prepare  and  distribute  educational  material  concerning 
venereal  diseases ;  and  third ,  to  control  and  prevent  the  spread  of 
these  diseases  in  interstate  traffic.  The  experienced  medical  officers 
whom  the  Service  has  furnished  to  most  states  have  proved  of  great 
value  in  building  up  the  state’s  machinery  for  clinical,  medical,  law 
enforcement,  and  educational  work. 

The  activities  of  the  Division  of  Venereal  Diseases  during  1919 
included  campaigns  to  reach  the  nation’s  physicians,  dentists,  and 
druggists  with  educational  material.  Approximately  132,000 
physicians  and  surgeons  were  communicated  with,  their  attention 
being  called  to  the  prevalence  of  venereal  diseases  and  the  impor¬ 
tance  of  adopting  energetic  measures  for  their  control.  In  addi¬ 
tion  more  than  50%  of  all  druggists  agreed  to  stop  selling  venereal- 
disease  nostrums. 

A  special  educational  attack  was  made  on  the  advertising  quack 
specialists.  The  Division,  recognizing  the  public  danger  resulting 
from  this  group,  sent  requests  to  20,000  advertising  mediums  ask¬ 
ing  their  cooperation  against  this  class  of  advertising.  The  vast 
majority  agreed  to  assist,  many  of  them  having  already  ceased  to 
sell  space  for  such  purposes. 

Other  special  campaigns  were  those  to  reach  the  members  of 
fraternal  organizations,  the  “Keeping  Fit”  campaign  to  reach  boys 
between  the  ages  of  15  and  21,  and  the  industrial  campaign  in  which 
approximately  57,000  employers  of  labor  were  reached  and  upward 

[121 


SOCIAL  HYGIENE  ORGANIZATIONS 


of  2,000,000  pieces  of  educational  pamphlets,  posters,  and  placards 
were  purchased  for  distribution  among  employees. 

The  outstanding  feature  of  the  Division’s  work  is  the  fact  that 
practically  all  state  health  officers  have  agreed  to  cooperate  in  the 
national  effort  to  carry  out  the  American  plan  for  controlling  vene¬ 
real  diseases,  and  are  working  with  the  Public  Health  Service  to 
that  end. 


State  Boards  of  Health 

At  present  forty-seven  state  boards  of  health  are  cooperating 
with  the  Division  of  Venereal  Diseases  of  the  United  States  Public 
Plealth  Service  in  the  control  of  venereal  diseases.  The  only  state 
that  has  not  yet  accepted  this  service  is  Nevada.  In  each  of  the 
states  which  have  accepted,  a  commissioned  officer  of  the  Public 
Health  Service  Reserve  has  been  designated  for  venereal-disease 
control  work,  as  a  state  health  department  officer. 

It  is  the  duty  of  this  medical  officer  to  build  up  strong  com¬ 
munity  effort  that  will  become  more  and  more  self-sustaining.  He 
stimulates  the  establishment  of  clinics,  conducts  educational  cam¬ 
paigns,  coordinates  law-enforcement  and  social-service  activities, 
and  by  securing  the  cordial  support  of  the  people  of  the  state, 
makes  it  possible  to  secure  needed  laws  and  ordinances. 

It  is  hoped  to  decentralize  this  work  as  soon  as  possible  in  order 
that  each  state  may  stand  on  its  own  feet.  To  accomplish  this  it 
is  essential  that  more  state  funds  be  made  available,  and  even  now 
some  of  the  most  important  states  are  increasing  their  yearly  bud¬ 
gets  for  fighting  venereal  diseases. 


The  American  Social  Hygiene  Association 

The  American  Social  Hygiene  Association  is  the  representative 
national  voluntary  organization  dealing  with  problems  constituting 
the  general  field  of  social  hygiene.  It  is  a  membership,  non¬ 
profiting  corporation  and  is  entirely  dependent  on  voluntary  sub¬ 
scriptions  for  funds. 

It  extends  its  service  to  individuals  and  to  private  and  public 
organizations  interested  in  any  branch  of  social-hygiene  work.  For 
the  reason  that  prostitution  and  the  attendant  venereal  diseases 
present  a  health  and  social  menace  of  immediate  urgency,  the  Asso- 

[13] 


SOCIAL  HYGIENE  ORGANIZATIONS 


ciation  is  making  the  campaign  against  prostitution  and  the  vene¬ 
real  diseases  one  of  its  main  endeavors. 

Through  its  Law  Enforcement  Department  it  aids  communities 
in  reducing  commercial  prostitution  to  a  minimum  and  in  preventing 
the  creation  of  new  prostitutes.  It  assists  in  the  drafting  of  laws 
and  ordinances  and  advises  in  matters  pertaining  to  the  enforce¬ 
ment  of  laws  which  fall  in  the  field  of  social  hygiene. 

Through  its  Medical  Department,  it  acts  as  a  clearing  house 
for  doctors,  clinic  directors,  hospital  superintendents,  public-health 
officials,  and  others  interested  in  the  medical  phases  of  the  venereal- 
disease  problem.  It  cooperates  with  health  authorities  in  encour¬ 
aging  communities  to  establish  model  venereal-disease  clinics  as  part 
of  their  public-health  administration. 

The  function  of  the  Department  of  Public  Information  is  to 
inform  the  public  on  social-hygiene  topics  with  a  view  to  creating 
an  enlightened  public  opinion  and  to  securing  favorable  action  on 
legislative  measures  and  all  other  matters  having  to  do  with  social 
hygiene. 

Work  with  women  and  girls  is  another  field  of  social  hygiene  in 
which  the  Association  renders  first-hand  service,  especially  in  com¬ 
munities  where  efforts  are  being  made  for  the  proper  care  and 
rehabilitation  of  delinquent  girls  and  young  women. 

As  rational  sex  education  is  one  of  the  foremost  needs  in  the 
social-hygiene  movement,  the  Department  of  Education  is  a  most 
important  one.  Its  endeavor  is  to  stimulate  the  education  of  both 
young  and  old  to  the  true  purpose  of  sex  in  life, — to  displace  the 
old  myths  and  falsehoods  with  authoritative  information  on  this 
subject. 


[U] 


LAWS  AND  LAW  ENFORCEMENT 


The  profits  in  prostitution  are  what  make  it  the  tremendous 
problem  it  is.  These  profits  are  provided  by  the  men  customers  to 
the  prostitute.  In  communities  where  commercial  prostitution 
thrives,  the  bulk  of  these  profits  pass  to  third  parties,  including  the 
pimps,  the  procurers,  and  the  madams.  All  these  are  in  the  business 
not  for  their  health  but  for  the  money  they  can  get  out  of  it ;  there¬ 
fore  they  must  make  it  pay.  If  trade  becomes  dull,  they  must 
stimulate  it ;  if  customers  drop  off  they  must  institute  new  methods 
of  advertising  and  soliciting.  If  the  business  is  attacked  they  must 
defend  it  by  whatever  methods  will  cause  it  to  continue  to  exist. 
Thus  an  artificial  trade  is  kept  stimulated  and  a  demand  created 
that  only  a  continuous  body  of  fresh  recruits  can  supply. 

But  does  such  a  business  have  to  exist?  Who  are  they  who 
defend  it?  They  are  those  who  exploit  or  protect  prostitution  for 
profit — the  pimps  and  the  madams  who  fatten  off  the  prostitutes, 
the  owners  and  operators  of  hotels,  rooming-houses,  and  apartment 
houses,  chauffers,  bell-boys,  dance-hall  and  cabaret  proprietors 
who  cater  to  assignation  or  prostitution ;  politicians  and  officials 
who  encourage  or  tolerate  violations  of  the  laws  for  political  or 
financial  gain ;  “shyster”  lawyers,  bail-bond  sharks,  and  doctors, 
who  in  the  name  of  justice  or  public  health,  defeat  justice,  corrupt 
officials,  increase  disease,  and  line  their  pockets  with  “blood  money.”4 

The  old  time  fallacy  that  no  law  was  effective  against  prostitu¬ 
tion  has  been  exploded.  Commercialized  prostitution,  whether  car¬ 
ried  on  in  red-light  districts  or  in  scattered  houses,  has  been  and 
can  always  be,  through  persistent  law  enforcement,  suppressed. 
The  main  thing  to  do  is  to  strike  at  its  profits.  By  taking  the 
profits  out  of  prostitution  you  take  prostitution  out  of  the  com¬ 
munity.  The  profiteers  seek  other  means  of  making  money ;  the 
prostitutes  seek  other  employment.  This  can  best  be  done  by  per¬ 
sistent  law  enforcement  against  the  activities  of  third  parties  who 
reap  the  bulk  of  the  profits,  the  activities  of  the  men  customers  who 
provide  all  the  profits  and  of  the  prostitutes  who  receive  them  in  the 
first  instance.  Occasional  raids  and  arrests  are  not  feared.  They 
are  accepted  as  incidents  of  the  business.  But  when  officials  go 


4  For  a  summary  of  the  arguments  for  and  against  red-light  districts  see 
p.  43. 


[15] 


[16] 


LAWS  AND  LAW  ENFORCEMENT 


after  the  profiteers,  the  prostitutes,  and  their  male  copartners  in 
the  same  way  that  they  attack  other  violators  of  the  law,  then 
prostitution  and  the  spread  of  venereal  diseases  are  reduced  to  a 
minimum.  The  reasons  why  laws  aimed  at  the  repression  of  prosti¬ 
tution,  aside  from  its  commercial  aspects,  have  not  been  more  suc¬ 
cessful  in  the  past  are  not  hard  to  find.  One  reason  is  that  not  until 
recently  did  society  believe  it  to  be  desirable  or  practicable.  It  held 
to  the  doctrine  of  sex  necessity  for  men,  with  the  resulting  double 
standard  of  morals.  As  long  as  the  public  believed  that  there  was 
one  code  of  morals  and  conduct  for  men  and  another  for  women, 
laws  against  the  act  of  prostitution  were  aimed  or  enforced,  if  at 
all,  only  against  women.  But  fortunately  for  future  progress  and 
in  justice  to  both  sexes,  this  doctrine  has  been  exploded  in  as 
authoritative  a  manner  as  possible. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  General  Medical  Board  of  the  Council  of 
National  Defense,  June  7,  1917,  sexual  continence  was  declared 
“compatible  with  health  and  the  best  prevention  of  venereal  infec¬ 
tions.”  5 6  The  American  Medical  Association  at  its  meeting  shortly 
after  adopted  a  resolution  embodying  the  same  statement.5  The 
army  and  navy  have  adopted  this  principle  as  the  basis  of  their 
program  for  the  prevention  of  venereal  diseases  and  the  attaining 
of  the  highest  physical,  mental,  and  moral  development  of  the  men. 

Since  science  has  demonstrated  that  there  is  no  such  difference 
in  the  physiology  of  men  and  women  as  to  justify  a  difference  in 
their  moral  conduct  and  obligations,  and  since  the  war  has  cleared 
away  much  of  the  mist  of  ignorance  and  hypocrisy  concerning  sex  f 
necessity,  the  laws  against  prostitution  should  be  made  to  apply  to 
men  as  well  as  to  women.  Then  law  enforcement  will  be  less  diffi¬ 
cult  because  backed  by  a  fair-minded  public  opinion. 

Not  until  1919,  when  a  standard  form  of  law  on  this  subject 
was  prepared  and  presented  to  the  legislatures  of  the  several  states 
by  the  federal  government,  was  prostitution,  with  few  exceptions, 
an  offense  of  which  a  man  could  be  guilty.  Now,  under  this  law,  a  j 
man  who  has  intercourse  with  a  prostitute  can  be  punished  as  well  ( 


5  For  text  of  resolutions,  see  p.  48. 

6  For  a  copy  of  this  law  see  p.  55.  The  ten  states  above  referred  to  are:  Con¬ 
necticut,  Delaware,  Maine,  Maryland,  New  Hampshire,  North  Carolina,  North 
Dakota,  Ohio,  Rhode  Island,  and  Vermont.  Wisconsin,  New  York,  and  Vir¬ 
ginia  have  adopted  parts  of  this  law. 


[17] 


LAWS  AND  LAW  ENFORCEMENT 


as  the  prostitute  herself.  Ten  states  have  followed  the  recommen¬ 
dations  of  the  government  and  have  remodeled  their  prostitution 
laws  according  to  this  standard  form.6 

This  remodeled  law  not  only  attempts  to  reach  all  promiscuous 
sex  delinquents,  but  renders  more  serviceable  the  legal  weapons 
against  the  third  parties  to  prostitution.  Furthermore,  it  elimi¬ 
nates  fines  and  provides  for  indeterminate  sentences  of  such  mini¬ 
mum  length  as  to  afford  opportunity  for  rehabilitation.  For  its 
further  effectiveness,  state  reformatories  for  women,  prison  farms 
for  men,  training  schools  for  boys  and  girls,  and  colonies  for  the 
custodial  care  of  the  feeble-minded  sex  delinquents  are  necessary 


|ST  8ND 

Enos.  6mm. 


Law  Enforcement  Checks  the  Spread  of  Venereal  Diseases 
This  chart  illustrates  an  almost  complete  reduction,  by  means  of  law  enforce¬ 
ment,  of  the  infection  rates  for  venereal  diseases  in  a  military  force  averaging 
about  12,000  men,  stationed  on  the  Canal  Zone,  Panama,  from  1913  to  1918. 

institutions  and  should  be  included  in  every  state’s  legislative  cam¬ 
paign.  Detention  houses,  probation  officers,  and  policewomen  are 
other  agencies  that  are  valuable  in  preventing  sexual  offenses.7 

Progressive  lawmakers  can  be  depended  on  to  provide  equal 
justice  for  citizens  of  both  sexes  and  facilities  for  the  care  and 
rehabilitation  of  those  who  require  these  remedial  aids. 

7  Detailed  suggestions  as  to  states  needing  these  and  other  laws  may  be 
found  on  p.  53. 


[18] 


MEDICAL  METHODS  FOR  COMBATING  VENEREAL 

DISEASES 

Few,  if  any,  diseases  are  more  completely  understood  by  science 
than  are  the  venereal  diseases.  Much  of  the  knowledge  necessary  to 
eliminate  them  is  available.  Yet  they  are  notoriously  uncontrolled. 
In  fact,  Sir  William  Osier  ranked  syphilis  as  “the  greatest  killing 
disease,”  while  gonorrhea  is  generally  calculated  to  be  from  three  to 
five  times  as  prevalent  as  syphilis. 

The  tremendous  loss  in  dollars  and  cents  caused  by  this  group 
of  diseases  is  being  recognized  as  never  before  by  employers  of 
labor.  The  cost  to  industry  in  loss  of  time  and  decreased  produc¬ 
tion  due  to  syphilis  and  gonorrhea  is  estimated  at  many  millions  of 
dollars  per  year.8 

The  time  lost  during  the  year  1918  by  officers  and  enlisted  men 
in  army  service  on  account  of  venereal  diseases  amounted  to  3,937,- 
710  days.  In  other  words,  an  average  of  10,788  men  and  officers 
were  absent  from  duty  each  day  of  the  year  on  account  of  this  class 
of  diseases.9 

The  task  of  curing  venereal  diseases  is,  of  course,  one  to  be  per¬ 
formed  by  the  physicians  of  the  community.  It  cannot  be  done  by 
laymen,  but  the  latter  can  give  the  doctors  their  unstinted  support. 
The  public  must  show1  that  it  wants  the  job  done  and  is  willing  to 
support  the  measures  needed  to  do  it.10 

The  first  essential  from  a  medical  point  of  view  is  that  prompt 
and  scientific  diagnosis  and  treatment  be  made  available  to  every 
infected  person.  Efficient  clinics  providing  free,  part-pay,  and  pay 
treatment  must  be  maintained.  Hospitals  and  doctors,  instead  of 
turning  away  cases  of  gonorrhea  and  syphilis  as  they  have  done  in 
the  past,  should  provide  treatment  for  them  just  as  they  do  for 
others  of  an  infectious  nature.  It  is  essential  also  that  the  price  of 
treatment  be  brought  within  the  reach  of  every  person.  This  can 
be  effected  either  by  the  state’s  manufacturing  the  curative  prep¬ 
arations,  particularly  arsphenamine,  or  buying  them  in  wholesale 

8  See  “Cost  to  Employer  and  Employee,”  p.  37. 

9  See  “Venereal  Diseases  in  the  Army,”  p.  37. 

i°  See  Standard  Form  of  Law  No.  4,  p.  63.  All  states  except  Rhode  Island, 
Pennsylvania,  Nevada,  and  Idaho  now  require  venereal  diseases  to  be  reported; 
Idaho,  Massachusetts,  and  Nevada  are  the  only  states  which  do  not  have  stat¬ 
utes  providing  for  the  compulsory  examination  and  detention  of  persons  rea¬ 
sonably  suspected  of  being  venereal-disease  carriers. 


[19] 


MEDICAL  METHODS 


quantities  and  distributing  them  free  or  at  cost  to  reliable  physicians 
and  clinics.  The  value  of  this  procedure  was  proved  in  dealing  with 
diphtheria.  Not  until  diphtheria  antitoxin  was  provided  by  the 
state,  so  that  its  prompt  use  and  reduced  price  was  in  reach  of 
every  one,  did  this  disease  cease  taking  its  toll  of  thousands  of  lives 
annually. 

Another  point  to  be  emphasized  is  the  need  for  suppressing  the 
sale  of  “patent”  or  proprietary  remedies  for  venereal  diseases, 
except  on  a  physician’s  prescription.  There  are  laws  or  regula¬ 
tions  of  the  state  board  of  health  forbidding  this  in  seventeen 
states.11  The  practice  of  self-medication  is  probably  nowhere  as 
dangerous  as  in  the  treatment  of  syphilis  and  gonorrhea.  Unrelent¬ 
ing  warfare  must  be  made  on  unscrupulous  doctors,  “medical  insti¬ 
tutes,”  museums  of  anatomy,  advertising  specialists,  and  all  forms 
of  quackery  which  attempts  to  capitalize  the  credulity  of  their 
patients.  The  law  forbids  quack  advertising  in  twenty-three 
states.11  Thousands  of  unfortunate  men  and  women  contribute  mil¬ 
lions  of  dollars  annually  to  the  incomes  of  advertising  doctors,  in 
return  for  which  they  often  receive  inadequate  and  unscientific 
treatment. 

In  order  to  control  venereal  diseases  it  is  essential  that  the 
public  be  taught  the  truth  concerning  them.  All  should  know  of 
their  dire  results  if  permitted  to  spread  unchecked.  All  should 
realize  that  “Keep  well”  beats  “Get  well.”  It  is  of  equal  or  greater 
importance,  however,  that  practicing  physicians  know  the  best  tech¬ 
nique  for  diagnosing  and  treating  these  diseases  and  have  facili¬ 
ties  for  actually  giving  the  treatment.  To  the  majority  of  physi¬ 
cians  these  are  not  readily  accessible,  but  as  several  states  have 
already  demonstrated,  this  information  can  be  taken,  to  the  physi¬ 
cians  by  means  of  lectures,  motion  pictures,  and  clinics.  These,  as 
well  as  treatment  facilities,  can  be  provided  at  comparatively  small 
expense  to  the  state.  These  features  of  educational  health  work 
can  be  effectively  carried  on  by  the  bureaus  of  venereal  diseases  of 
the  state  boards  of  health. 

It  is  a  duty  of  scientific  government  to  control  widespread 
endemic  diseases.  In  the  performance  of  this  duty  a  state  is  justi¬ 
fied  in  spending  a  sum  of  money  equal  to  the  amount  lost  through 
the  ravages  of  these  diseases  on  its  citizens,  if  capable  of  wise 


n  See  folded  charts  containing  tabular  analysis  of  Social  Hygiene  Legislation. 

[20] 


MEDICAL  METHODS 


expenditure  in  any  given  period.  It  is  true  economy  for  every 
commonwealth  to  support  liberally  the  measures  needed  by  its  health 
authorities  to  bring  venereal  diseases  under  permanent  control.  A 
reasonable  investment  for  these  public-health  necessities  will  pay 
dividends  forever. 

Legislation  designed  for  the  protection  of  the  marriage  relation 
is  commanding  increasing  attention,  especially  in  view  of  the  need 
for  a  uniform  marriage  law  in  all  states.  Among  the  most  impor¬ 
tant  proposals  are  the  abolition  of  common-law  marriages,  the  pub¬ 
lication  of  banns,  and  the  physical  and  mental  examinations  of  both 
parties  to  determine  their  general  fitness.  Some  just  measure  in  the 
interest  of  children  born  out  of  wedlock  is  also  being  sought.12 

12  A  medical  certificate  of  freedom  from  venereal  disease,  on  the  part  of  the 
male  applicant  for  license,  is  required  in  Alabama,  North  Dakota,  Oregon,  and 
Wisconsin. 

In  New  York  a  statement  is  made  by  both  applicants  under  oath,  that  they 
are  free  from  venereal  disease,  and  in  Pennsylvania,  that  they  are  free  from 
any  communicable  disease. 

In  Washington  the  male  applicant  for  a  license  is  required  to  make  oath 
before  the  marriage  license  clerk  that  he  is  free  from  venereal  disease  and 
tuberculosis. 

In  Indiana,  Michigan,  New  Jersey,  Vermont,  and  Oklahoma,  it  is  a  mis¬ 
demeanor  for  persons  having  a  venereal  disease  to  marry. 

In  Maine  it  is  a  misdemeanor  for  persons  suffering  with  syphilis  to  marry. 

Utah  provides  that  marriages  between  persons  afflicted  with  venereal  dis¬ 
eases  shall  be  void. 

In  Virginia  the  law  provides  that  in  case  the  woman  is  under  the  age  of 
forty-five,  the  man  must  take  oath  that  he  is  free  from  any  contagious  venereal 
disease  and  he  may  also  make  affidavit  that  he  believes  the  woman  named  in  the 
license  is  free  therefrom. 

See  American  Marriage  Laws  in  their  Social  Aspects,  published  by  the  Rus¬ 
sell  Sage  Foundation,  130  East  22d  Street,  New  York  City. 


[21] 


PROTECTIVE  SOCIAL  MEASURES 


In  none  of  society’s  problems  has  the  value  of  prevention  as 
against  the  cost  of  cure  been  so  clearly  demonstrated  as  in  the  work 
of  preventing  girls  and  boys  from  becoming  recruits  for  the  under¬ 
world.  In  the  past  it  has  been  the  policy  of  states  and  communities 
to  pay  little  or  no  attention  to  their  morally  endangered  and  way- 
wardly  inclined  youths  until  they  became  harmful  to  society  and 
“repeaters”  in  the  courts.  Now  it  is  known  to  be  the  more  effec¬ 
tive,  cheaper,  and  wiser  plan  to  provide  measures  of  protection  and 
prevention. 

In  the  light  of  present-day  knowledge  concerning  the  preven¬ 
tion  of  delinquency  and  concerning  reformative  treatment,  each 
state  is  called  upon  to  adopt  a  rational  program  for  safeguarding 
its  youth  and  reclaiming  its  unfortunates.  Particularly  is  this 
imperative  in  any  state’s  campaign  for  the  repression  of  prostitu¬ 
tion  and  the  control  of  venereal  diseases.  The  attack  on  the  busi¬ 
ness  of  prostitution  through  a  policy  of  strict  and  persistent  law 
enforcement  and  adequate  facilities  for  medical  treatment  should  be 
supplemented  by  institutional  care  for  those  apprehended  as  prosti¬ 
tutes,  and  protective  care  for  those  who  would  become  prostitutes 
if  left  to  their  own  devices. 

Prostitutes  are  human  beings  and  must  be  dealt  with  intelli¬ 
gently.  When  they  are  arrested  and  deprived  of  earning  a  liveli¬ 
hood  by  possibly  the  only  means  they  know,  they  must  be  taught 
ways  of  earning  an  honest  living.  Because  of  the  nature  of  their 
occupation,  nearly  all  prostitutes  need  medical  treatment  for  vene¬ 
real  diseases  and  opportunities  for  restoration  to  normal  health. 
(Examination  of  thousands  of  apprehended  prostitutes  in  the 
United  States  during  the  past  few  years  has  shown  that,  without 
much  difference  due  to  color  or  social  status,  from  60%  to  95%  are 
infected  with  gonorrhea  or  syphilis  or  both.) 

All  prostitutes  and  wayward  girls  are  not  of  one  class.  Some 
are  first  offenders,  or  are  arrested  before  their  first  grave  offence  is 
committed.  Some  are  hardened  and  vicious.  Proper  treatment  for 
one  type  would  not  be  proper  treatment  for  another  type.  Long 
confinement  may  be  necessary  for  incorrigibles,  while  young  girls 
need  to  be  given  scholastic,  ethical,  and  vocational  training  and 
opportunity  to  have  another  chance  in  life.  Hence  the  need  for 
adequate  rehabilitation  measures,  which  should  include  the  passage 

[22] 


PROTECTIVE  SOCIAL  MEASURES 


of  laws  authorizing  the  county  to  commit  sex  delinquents  to  insti¬ 
tutions  for  an  indeterminate  period.13 

The  best  institution  which  a  state  can  provide  for  this  purpose 
is  an  industrial  school-farm.  It  meets  admirably  the  problem  of 
the  adult  offenders  as  well  as  that  of  younger  girls.15  Here  the 
inmates  under  expert  supervision  can  have  medical  care  and  can  be 
brought  into  a  healthful  outdoor  environment.  They  can  have 
training  in  a  congenial  vocation ;  here  they  are  given  a  different 
viewpoint  as  to  the  purposes  of  life  and  are  equipped  to  go  out 
again  as  safe  citizens  of  the  state.  This  reconstruction  of  moral 
fiber  and  character  is  not  a  theoretical  dream.  It  has  succeeded  in 
hundreds  of  cases.  The  analogous  institution  for  men  is  the  prison 
farm.  The  establishment  of  such  institutions  is  gaining  headway. 

Mental  examinations  of  arrested  prostitutes  show  that  a  consid¬ 
erable  percentage  of  them  are  feeble-minded  or  of  low-grade  mental¬ 
ity.  Such  women  must  be  isolated.  They  are  not  only  the  most  care¬ 
less,  habitual,  and  dangerous  carriers  of  venereal  diseases,  but  they 
present  a  serious  problem  from  the  point  of  view  of  illegitimacy. 

Inasmuch  as  so  many  of  the  girls  who  become  involved  in  court 
cases  are  feeble-minded  or  psychopathic,  it  is  essential  that  courts 
dealing  with  these  cases  have  the  facilities  for  making  thorough 
mental  examinations.  An  experienced  psychiatrist  or  psychologist 
should  be  available. 

The  farm  colony  is  the  most  successful  method  for  isolating 

feeble-minded  prostitutes.  Here  they  can  have  medical  supervision 
and  can  work  and  contribute  to  their  own  support.  But  whatever 
institutional  care  is  provided  for  them,  they  should  be  treated  as 
mental  defectives  and  not  as  criminals.16 

13  Only  22  states  now  have  indeterminate  sentence  laws.  See  folded  charts 
containing  tabular  analysis  of  Social  Hygiene  Legislation. 

14  States  having  reformatories  for  women  are  Arkansas,  Connecticut,  Indi¬ 
ana,  Iowa,  Massachusetts,  Maine,  Minnesota,  New  Jersey,  New  York,  Ohio, 
Pennsylvania',  and  Wisconsin. 

is  The  following  states  also  have  laws  providing  for  reformatories  for 
women,  but  due  to  lack  of  appropriations  or  faults  of  administration  the  insti¬ 
tutions  are  not  yet  in  operation:  Alabama,  Arizona,  California,  Colorado,  Illi¬ 
nois,  Kansas,  Louisiana,  Michigan,  Nebraska,  North  Carolina,  Washington. 

All  states,  excepting  Idaho,  Louisiana,  Mississippi,  Nevada,  North  and 
South  Dakota,  and  Wyoming,  have  reform  schools  for  girls. 

i®  For  information  relative  to  mental  hygiene,  see  p.  73,  and  apply  to  the 
National  Committee  for  Mental  Hygiene,  50  Union  Square,  New  York  City. 


[23] 


PROTECTIVE  SOCIAL  MEASURES 


It  is  also  necessary  to  have  detention  houses  where  offenders 
who  are  not  yet  hardened  can  be  held  without  being  branded  as 
“jailbirds.”  These  should  be  homelike  places  and  conducted  with 
a  view  to  the  moral  and  mental  rehabilitation  of  those  placed  there. 
During  the  time  the  offenders  are  held,  medical  and  mental  examina¬ 
tions  should  be  made  so  that  a  rational  plan  for  the  detained  per¬ 
son’s  future  may  be  recommended  to  the  judge. 

Placing  girls  or  boys  on  probation  or  parole  is  a  duty  involv¬ 
ing  the  exercise  of  judgment  and  sympathy.  It  should  be  done  only 
with  the  greatest  caution  and  under  the  supervision  of  probation 
officers  of  the  same  sex  as  the  offender.  Under  adequate  supervi¬ 
sion,  however,  probation  is  to  be  preferred  to  institutional  care  for 
young  offenders.17 

Women  police  are  most  helpful  to  young  and  wayward  girls  in 
protecting  them  from  criminal  influences  and  in  attending  and 
shielding  them  when  in  court.  When  possible  it  is  advisable  to  have 
women  officials  make  the  medical  examination  of  girls  and  investi¬ 
gate  their  home  conditions,  keeping  watch  over  them  while  on  pro¬ 
bation  or  parole  and  supervising  places  of  public  recreation,  par¬ 
ticularly  dance-halls. 

All  agencies  combating  prostitution  and  venereal  diseases  rec¬ 
ognize  the  unregulated  dance-hall  as  a  great  source  of  moral  delin¬ 
quency  and  venereal-disease  infection.  Prostitutes  and jmnips-make 
of  such  dance-halls  easy  avenues  for  solicitations Tma  recruiting. 
The  proper  supervision  of  such  places  requires  expert  officials,  but 
the  system  of  licensing  and  regulating  the  activities  of  dance-halls 
and  other  public  amusement  places  has  proved  its  value.18 

The  board  of  health  of  one  state  which  is  making  great  head¬ 
way  in  its  campaign  against  prostitution  made  a  plea  for  public 
support.  It  asked  its  citizens  the  question,  “Have  you  a  daughter 
to  spare?”  Safeguard  your  daughters  and  sons  by  providing  a 
fortress  of  preventive,  protective  measures.  At  the  same  time  apply 
the  golden  rule  by  making  provision  for  those  who  have  taken  the 
wrong  path. 

17  See  Pub.  No.  65,  Children’s  Bureau,  United  States  Department  of  Labor, 
“Courts  in  the  United  States  Hearing  Children’s  Cases.” 

is  See  “Recreation  Legislation,”  published  by  the  Russell  Sage  Foundation, 
130  East  22d  Street,  New  York  City. 


[24] 


EDUCATION:  ITS  RELATION  TO  THE  PROGRAM 

Educational  and  recreational  measures  are  essentials  of  the 
American  plan,  but  lend  themselves  less  readily  to  legislative  action 
than  do  its  other  features.  There  are  two  aspects  of  social-hygiene 
education:  the  informational  aspect  which  seeks  to  acquaint  the 
public  with  social  facts  and  conditions,  and  the  truly  educational 
aspect  which  seeks  to  bring  to  the  aid  of  the  individual  at  the 
various  stages  of  his  sex  development  the  best  knowledge,  experi¬ 
ence,  and  incentives  to  enable  him  to  use  his  sex  nature  for  his  fullest 
development  and  the  richest,  most  social  life.  For  making  effective 
the  protective  and  preventive  values  of  wholesome  recreation  and 
constructive  legislation,  the  responsibility  rests  largely  upon  local 
community  interest  and  individual  effort.  Hence  these  measures, 
important  though  they  are,  are  presented  here  only  in  brief  outline. 

All  states  participating  in  the  federal  appropriation  through 
the  United  States  Interdepartmental  Social  Hygiene  Board  have 
set  aside  some  of  their  fund  for  educational  work.  By  lecturers, 
publicity,  motion-picture  films,  and  literature  they  endeavor  to 
carry  social-hygiene  truths  to  the  rank  and  file  of  their  citizenry. 

It  is  a  recognized  fact  that  sex  education  of  boys  and  girls* 
should  start  in  the  home,  but  many  parents  are  either  too  ignorant 
or  diffident  regarding  the  fundamental  facts  of  sex  to  teach  their 
offspring.  These  parents,  by  the  thousands,  have  shown  themselves 
glad  to  receive  pamphlets  from  their  state  boards  of  health  designed 
to  inform  them  and  enable  them  to  educate  their  children.  They 
also  welcome  the  lectures,  motion  pictures,  and  other  features. 

Some  state  boards  are  featuring  the  appeal  to  men  and  women 
in  industry,  and  the  industrial  program  has  proved  successful  not 
only  from  a  health  standpoint  but  from  that  of  dollars  and  cents 
saved  to  both  employer  and  employee. 

Educational  activities  must  be  depended  on  to  a  great  extent  as 
the  real  cornerstone  of  the  social-hygiene  structure.  Education, 
though  its  results  may  not  be  as  immediate  or  tangible  as  those 
brought  about  through  legal  and  medical  measures,  is  the  greatest 
factor  for  ultimate  victory. 

The  direct  financial  value  of  social-hygiene  education  to  a  state 
cannot  be  accurately  estimated  at  present,  but  a  generous  appro¬ 
priation  for  the  whole  social-hygiene  program  means  that  provision 
can  and  should  be  made  for  the  efficient  utilization  of  this  all- 
powerful  weapon. 


[25] 


RECREATIONAL  ACTIVITIES 


Clean,  wholesome  spare-time  activities  for  both  young  and  old 
are  no  longer  considered  luxuries  but  necessities.  Theaters,  com¬ 
munity  houses,  libraries,  athletics,  and  other  recreational  facilities 
provided  during  the  war  by  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  Y.  W.  C.  A.,  K.  of  C., 
J.  W.  B.,  Salvation  Army,  A.  L.  A.,  and  W.  C.  C.  S.,  for  men  in 
service  were  of  great  value  in  the  campaign  against  such  vicious 
influences  as  houses  of  prostitution,  unregulated  dance-halls, 
resorts  supplying  liquor,  etc.  Many  men  were  kept  free  from 
disease  and  clean,  mentally  and  morally,  through  the  efforts  of 
various  agencies  to  provide,  at  low  cost,  places  where  decent  recrea¬ 
tion  might  be  had. 

This  recreational  feature  of  the  American  plan,  though  having 
less  of  a  legislative  bearing  than  the  other  measures,  is  nevertheless 
well  worthy  of  consideration.  It  is  less  a  problem  for  the  state 
than  for  the  community,  and  its  cost  is  not  the  main  item.  Some  of 
the  most  effective  activities  have  required  little  money.  They  have 
accomplished  fine  things  through  vision,  organization,  and  the 
stimulation  and  coordination  of  existing  resources.19 

Schools  and  other  public  buildings  can  be  made  extremely  valu¬ 
able  as  community  meeting-places  where  evening  lectures,  concerts, 
motion-picture  shows,  and  well-supervised  dances  may  be  held. 
High-school  auditoriums  and  gymnasiums  can  be  made  to  supplant 
the  lower  type  of  dance-halls  and  “movies”  by  providing  decent 
recreation  in  better  and  more  congenial  surroundings,  thus  com¬ 
pelling  a  raising  of  standards  in  the  commercial  amusement  resorts. 

is  Full  information  on  “Recreation  Legislation”  may  be  secured  from  the 
Russell  Sage  Foundation,  130  East  22d  Street,  New  York  City. 


[26] 


APPENDIX 


I 

ALLOTMENTS  TO  STATES 

THROUGH  THE  U.  S.  INTERDEPARTMENTAL  SOCIAL  HYGIENE 
BOARD,  1920  (AS  OF  JUNE  30,  1920)  AND  1921 


Amount 

Amount  Qualified 

Otherwise 

Available 

for  1920  Legis- 

Set  Aside 

Allotment 

State 

1919-20 

lative  Appropriation 

by  States 

for  1921 

Alabama  . 

.$  25,288.99 

$  . 

$26,288.99 

$12,700.97 

Arizona  . 

2,417.06 

2,250.00 

1,213.93 

Arkansas  . 

18,622.30 

17,118.74 

9,352.75 

California  . 

28,121.23 

25,800.00 

14,123,42 

Colorado . 

9,450.70 

8,500.00 

960.70 

4,746.46 

Connecticut  . 

13,185.13 

12,000.00 

6,622.02 

Delaware  . 

2,393.02 

2,393.02 

1,201.86 

District  of  Columbia 

3,915.82 

1,966.66 

Florida  . 

8,901.84 

8,901.84 

4,470.80 

Georgia  . 

30,860.21 

15,000.00 

15,499.03 

Idaho  . 

3,851.06 

3,540.00 

1,934.13 

Illinois  . 

66.692.24 

66,692.24 

33,495.07 

Indiana . 

31,945.49 

29,366.20 

2,579.29 

16,044.09 

Iowa  . 

26,314.19 

15,000.00 

13,215.86 

Kansas  . 

.  20,000.24 

5,000.00 

15,000.24 

10,044.79 

Kentucky  . 

27,084.58 

27,000.00 

84.58 

13,602.78 

Louisiana . 

19,591.46 

10,000.00 

9,590.46 

9,839.49 

Maine . 

8,780.62 

8,071.68 

4,409.92 

Maryland  . 

15,321.11 

14,651.96 

7,694.78 

Massachusetts  .  .  .  . 

39,817.37 

36,602.51 

19,997.61 

Michigan  . 

33,238.23 

33,238.23 

16,693.35 

Minnesota  . 

24,551.10 

24,551.10 

12,330.39 

Mississippi  . 

21,255.94 

20,000.00 

1,255.94 

10,675.45 

Missouri  . 

38,952.98 

31,969.03 

19,563.49 

Montana  . 

4,447.88 

4,088.76 

359.12 

2,233.87 

Nebraska  . 

14,101.28 

12,962.75 

7,082.14 

,  Nevada  . 

968.40 

486.36 

New  Hampshire  .  .  . 

5,092.72 

4,681.54 

300.00 

2,557.74 

New  Jersey . 

30,009.17 

27,586.22 

15,071.60 

New  Mexico  . 

.  3,871.27 

1,944.28 

New  York  . 

.  107.794.18 

100.000.00 

7,794.18 

54,137.84 

North  Carolina  .  .  .  . 

26,095.57 

26,095.57 

13,106.06 

North  Dakota . 

6,825.31 

6,274.24 

3,427.90 

-Ohio.  . 

56.384.66 

25,000.00 

28,318.26 

Oregon  . 

7,957.34 

7,314.87 

3,996.44 

Oklahoma . 

19,600.53 

19,600.53 

9,844.04 

-/'Porinsvlvania  . 

90.661.56 

90.661.56 

45,533.26 

Rhode  Island  . 

6,417.90 

6,000.00 

3,223.28 

South  Carolina  .... 

17,923.88 

17,923.88 

9,001.97 

South  Dakota  . 

6,906.12 

5,000.00 

3,468.48 

Tennessee  . 

25,841.29 

25,841.29 

12,978.36 

/Texas  . 

46,087.60 

26,300.00 

19,300.00 

23.146.73  

'  Utah  . 

4,415.92 

4,415.92 

2,217.83 

Vermont . 

4,210.19 

3,000.00 

1,210.19 

2,114.50 

Virginia  . 

24,384.37 

22,420.58 

1,963.79 

12,246.65 

Washington . 

13,507.25 

12,500.00 

1,007.25 

6,783.79 

West  Virginia . 

14,443.18 

7,000.00 

5,900.00 

7,253.85 

Wisconsin  . 

27,604.49 

25,000.00 

13,863.89 

Wyoming . 

1,726.44 

1,587.00 

867.08 

Totals . 

.$1,087,831.42 

$706,574.33 

$284,911.79 

$546,345.30 

[27] 


II 

RULES  AND  REGULATIONS  GOVERNING  EXPENDITURES 
THROUGH  THE  FUNDS  ALLOTTED  TO  STATES 
BY  THE  U.  S.  INTERDEPARTMENTAL 
SOCIAL  HYGIENE  BOARD 

Chamberlain- Kahn  Act.  This  act  constitutes  Chapter  XV  of  the 
“Act  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  army  for  the  fiscal 
year  ending  June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  nineteen.”  It  reads 
in  part  as  follows : 

That  there  is  hereby  created  a  board  to  be  known  as  the  United  States 
Interdepartmental  Social  Hygiene  Board,  to  consist  of  the  Secretary  of  War, 
the  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  and  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  as  ex-officio  mem¬ 
bers,  and  of  the  Surgeon  General  of  the  Army,  the  Surgeon  General  of  the 
Navy,  and  the  Surgeon  General  of  the  Public  Health  Service,  or  of  representa¬ 
tives  designated  by  the  Secretary  of  War,  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  and  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  respectively. 

Appropriation  for  Fiscal  Year  1921.  For  the  fiscal  year  ending 
June  30,  1921,  Congress  provided  in  the  sundry  civil  bill  the  following 
appropriation  for  the  cooperative  work  with  the  states: 

The  duties  and  powers  conferred  upon  the  United  States  Interdepartmental 
Social  Hygiene  Board  by  Chapter  XV  of  the  army  appropriation  act  approved 
July  9,  1918,  with  respect  to  the  expenditure  of  the  appropriations  made  therein 
are  extended  and  made  applicable  to  the  appropriations  for  similar  purposes 
made  in  this  act. 

For  allotment  to  the  various  states  for  prevention,  treatment,  and  control  of 
venereal  diseases,  $450,000;  and  the  unexpended  balance  on  June  30,  1920 
(approximately  $300,000),  of  the  appropriation  heretofore  made  for  this  pur¬ 
pose  is  continued  and  made  available  during  the  fiscal  year  1921 ;  provided,  that 
no  part  of  this  sum  shall  he  allotted  to  any  state  unless  such  state,  in  a  manner 
satisfactory  to  the  hoard,  shall  have  complied  with,  and  shall  have  given  assur¬ 
ance  of  continued  compliance  with,  the  condition  and  regulations  governing 
such  allotments  and  the  expenditures  that  may  he  made  therefrom. 

Reduction  in  Appropriation  for  1921.  It  will  be  noted  from  the 
above  act  of  Congress  that  the  federal  government’s  appropriation  for 
allotment  to  the  states  was  reduced  from  $1,000,000  for  1919  and 
$1,087,831.41  for  1920,  to  $450,000  plus  the  unallotted  balance  of 
June  30,  1920. 

The  50-50  Plan.  Section  3  of  the  regulations  of  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury  reads: 

Funds  that  may  become  available  from  legislative  appropriations  must 
not  be  conserved  through  the  expenditure  of  funds  allotted  by  Congress. 


[28] 


FEDERAL  RULES  GOVERNING  STATE  ALLOTMENTS 


The  Board  has  interpreted  the  above  section  to  mean  that  a  state 
must  not  spend  the  federal  allotment  before  spending  the  appropriations 
made  by  the  state,  but  that  it  must  be  a  “50-50”  plan. 

Practice  of  Other  Government  Departments.  It  is  a  general  prac¬ 
tice  of  government  departments  and  independent  establishments  charged 
with  expending  federal  appropriations  made  for  state  and  other  activi¬ 
ties  conditioned  upon  the  matching  of  dollar  for  dollar,  to  require  the 
state  first  to  make  the  disbursements  from  its  appropriation,  submitting 
the  paid  vouchers  for  audit.  The  government  department  then  pays  to 
the  state  50%  of  such  expenditures  as  may  be  found  to  be  correct. 
This  procedure  serves  the  double  purpose  of  ascertaining  if  the  dis¬ 
bursements  as  made  are  in  accordance  with  the  regulations  governing 
the  disbursements,  and  also  that  the  state  has  complied  with  the  federal 
law  not  only  by  appropriating  an  equal  amount,  but  by  actually  expend¬ 
ing  its  proportion. 

50-50  Plan  Adopted  hy  Board.  The  United  States  Interdepartmen¬ 
tal  Social  Hygiene  Board  has  adopted  this  procedure  for  disbursing  the 
allotments  to  states  for  the  fiscal  years  1920  and  1921,  and  it  is  there¬ 
fore  necessary  that  the  state  official  making  disbursements  from  these 
funds  forward  to  the  central  office  at  the  close  of  each  month,  on  forms 
provided  by  the  Board,  a  statement  of  such  expenditures  accompanied 
by  the  paid  vouchers.  A  Treasury  warrant  covering  50%  of  such 
disbursements,  the  proportion  payable  by  the  federal  government,  will 
then  be  promptly  paid  to  the  state  treasurer. 


Regulations 

Promulgated  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  under  which  state  boards 
or  state  departments  of  health  receive  the  allotment  of  funds  provided  in 
Section  6,  Chapter  XV,  of  the  act  approved  July  9,  entitled  “An  act  making 
appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  army  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
30,  1919.” 

The  act  provides  that  $1,000,000  shall  be  distributed  to  the  states  for  the 
use  of  their  respective  boards  or  departments  of  health  in  the  prevention, 
control,  and  treatment  of  veneral  diseases,  this  sum  to  be  allotted  to  each  state, 
in  accordance  with  rules  and  regulations  prescribed  by  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury,  in  the  proportion  which  its  population  bears  to  the  population  of 
the  continental  United  States,  exclusive  of  Alaska  and  the  Canal  Zone, 
according  to  the  last  preceding  United  States  census.  State  boards  or 
departments  of  health  receiving  their  respective  allotments  shall  agree  to  the 
following  cooperative  measures  under  which  their  appropriation  shall  be 
expended: 


[29] 


FEDERAL  RULES  GOVERNING  STATE  ALLOTMENTS 


1.  Put  into  operation,  through  a  legislative  enactment  or  a  state  board 
of  health  regulation  having  the  effect  of  law,  regulations  in  conformity  with 
the  suggestions  approved  by  the  surgeons  general  of  the  army,  navy,  and 
United  States  Public  Health  Service,  for  the  prevention  of  venereal  diseases. 
The  minimum  requirements  of  these  rules  are: 

(а)  Venereal  diseases  must  be  reported  to  the  local  health  authorities 
in  accordance  with  state  regulations  approved  by  the  United  States  Public 
Health  Service. 

(б)  Penalty  to  be  imposed  upon  physicians  or  others  required  to  report 
venereal  infections  for  failure  to  do  so. 

(c)  Cases  to  be  investigated,  so  far  as  practicable,  to  discover  and  con¬ 
trol  sources  of  infection. 

( d )  The  spread  of  venereal  diseases  should  be  declared  unlawful. 

( e )  Provision  to  be  made  for  control  of  infected  persons  that  do  not 
cooperate  in  protecting  others  from  infection. 

(/)  The  travel  of  venereally  infected  persons  within  the  state  to  be  con¬ 
trolled  by  state  boards  of  health  by  definite  regulations  that  will  conform  in 
general  to  the  interstate  regulations  to  be  established. 

( g )  Patients  to  be  given  a  printed  circular  of  instructions  informing  them 
of  the  necessity  of  measures  to  prevent  the  spread  of  infection  and  of  the 
importance  of  continuing  treatment. 

2.  An  officer  of  the  Public  Health  Service  shall  be  assigned  to  each  state 
receiving  allotments  for  the  general  purpose  of  cooperating  with  the  state 
health  officer  in  supervising  the  venereal-control  work  in  the  state.  This 
officer  to  be  selected  by  the  state  health  authorities  and  to  be  approved  and 
recommended  for  appointment  by  the  surgeon  general  of  the  Public  Health 
Service.  The  salary  of  this  officer  will  be  paid  by  the  state  out  of  the  funds 
made  available  from  the  allotment,  except  a  nominal  sum  of  $10  per  month, 
which  will  be  paid  by  the  United  States  Public  Health  Service.  In  those 
states  where  a  bureau  of  venereal  diseases  has  already  been  established,  with 
a  full-time  medical  officer  in  charge,  the  present  incumbent  may  be  recom¬ 
mended  for  appointment  by  the  state  health  officer,  and,  with  the  approval  of 
the  surgeon  general  of  the  United  States  Public  Health  Service,  he  will  be 
appointed  as  an  officer  of  the  Public  Health  Service.  The  general  plan  of 
work  for  the  state  bureau  of  venereal  diseases  will  be: 

(a)  Securing  reports  of  venereal  infections  from  physicians  and  others 
required  to  report  in  accordance  with  state  laws. 

( b )  Suppressive  measures,  including  the  isolation  and  treatment  in 
detention  hospitals  of  infected  persons  who  are  unable  or  unwilling  to  take 
measures  to  prevent  themselves  becoming  a  menace  to  others,  the  establish¬ 
ment  of  free  clinics  for  the  treatment  of  venereal  diseases,  and  the  elimination 
of  conditions  favorable  to  the  spread  of  venereal  infections. 

(c)  Extension  of  facilities  for  early  diagnosis  and  treatment  through  lab¬ 
oratory  facilities  for  exact  diagnosis  and  scientific  determination  of  condi¬ 
tions  before  release  as  non-infectious,  in  accordance  with  the  standardized 
procedure  that  will  be  prescribed  by  the  United  States  Public  Health  Service. 


[30] 


FEDERAL  RULES  GOVERNING  STATE  ALLOTMENTS 


( d )  Educational  measures  to  include  informing  the  general  public,  as  well 
as  infected  individuals,  in  regard  to  the  nature  and  manner  of  spread  of 
venereal  diseases  and  the  measures  that  should  be  taken  to  combat  them. 

(e)  Cooperation  with  local  civil  authorities  in  their  efforts  to  suppress 
public  and  clandestine  prostitution.  The  clinics  referred  to  under  (6)  will 
form  centers  from  which  the  other  measures  may  be  conducted  by  discovering 
the  presence  of  infections,  the  securing  of  data  for  enforcing  the  regulations 
for  reporting  these  diseases,  and  the  institution  of  educational  measures  appro¬ 
priate  to  particular  communities.  The  immediate  reduction  in  venereal-disease 
foci  resulting  from  clinic  treatment  will  result  in  a  marked  decrease  in  the 
prevalence  of  such  diseases  in  both  the  military  and  civil  population. 

(/)  Accurate  detailed  records  must  be  kept  of  all  the  activities  of  the 
venereal-disease  work.  These  will  include  careful  records  of  each  case  treated, 
amount  of  arsphenamine  used,  final  results,  and  disposition  made  of  patients. 
Copies  of  these  records  must  be  forwarded  to  the  surgeon  general,  United 
States  Public  Health  Service,  as  a  report  at  such  intervals  as  they  may  be 
requested,  and  in  accordance  with  instructions  regarding  the  form  of  report. 

3.  Local  funds  that  may  be  available,  or  that  may  become  available  from 
legislative  appropriations  or  any  other  source  of  venereal-disease  control,  shall 
be  used  by  the  state  or  city  health  authorities  having  jurisdiction  for  the 
extension  of  the  work,  and  such  local  funds  must  not  be  conserved  through  the 
expenditure  of  the  funds  that  are  allotted  by  the  Congress  through  the  United 
States  Interdepartmental  Social  Hygiene  Board. 

4.  In  extension  of  the  educational  measures  the  state’s  health  authorities 
and  its  bureau  of  venereal  diseases  shall  exert  their  efforts  and  influence  for 
the  organization  of  a  state  venereal-disease  committee  that  will  be  unofficial 
in  character,  but  a  valuable  cooperative  agency  for  furthering  the  compre¬ 
hensive  plan  for  nation-wide  venereal-disease  control. 

B.  The  state  health  authorities  shall  take  such  measures  as  may  be  found 
practicable  and  decided  upon  in  conference  between  the  Public  Health  Service 
and  state  board  of  health  representatives  for  the  purpose  of  securing  such  addi¬ 
tional  legislation  may  be  required  for  the  development  of  control  of  the 
spread  of  venereal  infections.  Action  shall  be  taken  to  limit  or  suppress  the 
activities  of  advertising  “specialists”  and  quacks  by  prosecuting  them  under 
state  laws,  or  such  other  measures  as  may  be  applicable  and  effective. 

6.  In  expending  the  sum  allotted  a  state,  the  rules  and  regulations  to  be 
promulgated  by  the  United  States  Interdepartmental  Social  Hygiene  Board 
for  the  expenditure  of  the  $1,000,000  civilian  quarantine  and  isolation  fund 
under  control  of  the  Secretary  of  War  and  Secretary  of  the  Navy  shall  be 
given  consideration  by  Public  Health  Service  and  state  board  of  health  rep¬ 
resentatives,  so  that  the  military  necessities  of  each  particular  state  may 
receive  the  consideration  due  its  relative  importance,  and  so  that  funds  from 
the  two  sources  may  be  correlated. 

7.  The  state  allotment  shall  be  expended  along  general  standard  lines  for 
all  states  and  in  accordance  with  an  accounting  system,  to  be  forwarded  by. 


[31] 


VENEREAL  DISEASES  IN  THE  ARMY 


the  United  States  Interdepartmental  Social  Hygiene  Board,  approximately  as 
follows: 

(а)  For  treatment  of  infected  persons  in  hospitals,  clinics,  and  other  insti¬ 
tutions,  including  arsphenamine  and  other  drugs,  50%  for  the  allotment. 

(б)  In  carrying  out  educational  measures,  20%. 

(c)  In  carrying  out  repressive  measures,  20%. 

( d )  In  general  administration  and  other  activities  of  venereal-disease  con¬ 
trol  work,  10%. 

(This  distribution  is  provisional  and  subject  to  modification  after  con¬ 
ference  and  agreement  between  each  state  and  the  United  States  Public  Health 
Service  to  best  meet  the  needs  of  the  particular  state.) 

8.  In  carrying  out  the  general  government  program  the  administrative 
organization  of  the  United  States  Public  Health  Service  will  be  available  at 
all  times  to  state  organizations  in  cooperative  work,  and  assistance  will  be 
given  to  states  whenever  possible  through  the  detail  of  employees,  the  securing 
of  arsphenamine,  providing  literature  for  the  educational  measures,  and  in  such 
other  ways  as  may  be  found  practicable  as  the  work  develops. 

W.  G.  McAdoo, 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 

Washington, 

September  4,  1918. 


Ill 

VENEREAL  DISEASES  IN  THE  ARMY 

During  1918,  the  total  number  of  admissions  to  sick  report  for  dis¬ 
eases  in  the  entire  American  army  was  2,422,362;  for  ordinary  injuries, 
182,789;  and  for  injuries  received  in  battle,  227,855.  Diseases,  there¬ 
fore,  were  nearly  six  times  as  great  a  cause  of  admission  to  sick  report 
as  battle  wounds  and  all  other  injuries  combined.  Which  diseases  con¬ 
tributed  most  to  this  ineffectiveness  of  our  soldiers? 

The  influenza  epidemic  occurred  during  that  year,  and  was  the 
cause  of  the  largest  number  of  admissions  for  diseases  in  all  branches 
of  the  service.  In  the  entire  army,  688,869  cases  of  influenza  were 
reported,  nearly  500,000  occurring  in  camps  in  this  country.  One 
soldier  in  every  four  was  sick  in  hospitals  or  in  barracks.  The  severity 
of  the  epidemic  is  too  well  known  to  require  description.  No  one  will 
have  forgotten  the  suffering  of  soldiers  in  camps  during  the  late  sum¬ 
mer  and  fall  of  1918.  Recollection  of  this  epidemic  may  serve  as  a 
means  of  realizing  the  extent  to  which  venereal  diseases  also  caused 
suffering. 


[32] 


VENEREAL  DISEASES  IN  THE  ARMY 


In  spite  of  the  vigorous  campaign  against  venereal  diseases,  through 
which  (according  to  the  Surgeon  General’s  Report  for  1919)  the  rate  in 
the  army  was  made  lower  than  in  the  surrounding  civil  community,  they 
ranked  next  in  importance  to  influenza  as  a  cause  of  sickness  among 
troops.  They  not  only  ranked  second  in  importance,  but  they  caused 
considerably  more  sickness  than  the  disease  which  was  third  in  rank. 

Days  Lost  by  Troops  in  the  United  States,  1918,  Because  of  Three 
Leading  Diseases 


D  ays  Lost  Per  Cent  of  Total  Days  Lost 

Leading  Diseases  Number  Per  Cent  10  20  30 

Influenza .  5,469,858  22.04 

Venereal  Diseases  ...  3,048,465  12.29 

Mumps .  1,718,084  6.92 


The  diagrams  are  based  on  figures  given  in  the  report  of  the  surgeon 
general  of  the  army  for  1919  (Vol.  I,  p.  60  ff.)  and  represent  conditions 
existing  among  troops  in  the  United  States,  conditions  for  which  America 
alone  is  responsible. 

In  this  report,  the  surgeon  general  says  further,  “Venereal  diseases 
were  also  of  great  importance  in  the  army  on  account  of  the  loss  of 
time  occasioned.  The  total  time  lost  for  officers  and  enlisted  men, 
American  and  native  troops,  serving  at  home  and  abroad,  amounted  to 
3,937,710  days,  a  non-effective  rate  for  officers  and  men  for  the  entire 
army  of  4.27.  10,788  men  and  officers  were  absent  from  duty  each  day 
of  the  year  on  account  of  this  class  of  diseases.” 


[33] 


1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 
9. 

10. 

11. 

12. 

13. 

14. 

15. 

16. 

17. 

18. 

19. 

20. 
21. 
22. 

23. 

24. 

25. 

26. 

27. 

28. 

29. 

30. 

31. 

32. 

33. 

34. 

35. 

36. 

37. 

38. 

39. 

40. 

41. 

42. 

43. 

44. 

45. 

46. 

47. 

48. 

49. 

50. 

51. 

52. 


Vermont .  1.30  ___ 

South  Dakota -  1.53  ■ 

Porto  Rico .  1.67  — _ . 

Utah .  1.83  - 

North  Dakota.  . . .  1.85  ■ 

New  Hampshire. .  1.85  - 

Hawaii .  1.96  ... 

Wisconsin .  2.01  .. 

Alaska .  2.13  — 

Oregon .  2.19  — 

Idaho .  2.21  - 

Wyoming .  2.25 

Massachusetts.  .  .  2.31  .. 

Minnesota .  2.31  , 

Maine .  2.35  . 

Colorado .  2.39  , 

Connecticut .  2.59  —  . 

Rhode  Island ...  .  2.67  .  ■ 

California .  2.67  - 

Washington .  2.82  . 

Iowa .  2.88  ... 

New  York .  2.91  - 

Kansas .  2.92  ■ 

Nebraska .  3.00  —  , 

Nevada .  3.09  _ 

Montana .  3.31 

New  Jersey .  3.41  _ ___ 

Pennsylvania .  3.58  ___^_ 

Kentucky .  3.81  _____ 

Ohio .  4.01  _ 

Michigan .  4.34 

Indiana .  4.53 

Arizona .  4.59  _ 

Illinois .  4.96  ____ 

WestA^r^mta  -  S.TS  ~~~~ 

Missouri .  6.10  ____ 

Maryland .  6.23  _____ 

Tennessee . 6.26  _____ 

New  Mexico .  6.71  ___ 

North  Carolina. . .  6.75  .. 

Virginia .  6.91  _____ 

Delaware .  7.24  _____ 

District  of  Col. ..  .  7.53  ____. 

Oklahoma .  7.79 

Arkansas .  9.93 

Alabama . 10.32  _____ 

Texas . 11 .02  _____ 

Louisiana . 11.21  _____ 

Mississippi . 12.48  __^ 

South  Carolina. . .  12.66  ___ 

Georgia . 13.03  - 

Florida . 15.63  - 


The  Percentage  of  Venereal 
Diseases  among  the  Second 
Million  Drafted  Men, 
by  States 

Examinations  at  mobilization 
camps  showed  that  5.6  per  cent 
of  these  men  had  a  venereal  dis¬ 
ease  at  the  time  of  examination 
upon  arrival  in  camp.  This  per¬ 
centage  includes  only  obvious 
cases  of  syphilis  and  gonorrhea 
and  chancroid.  Wassermann 
examinations  were  not  given. 
Furthermore,  this  percentage 
does  not  include  those  who  had 
been  previously  cured  or  who 
may  have  become  infected  later. 


[34] 


[35] 


M  6.0 1  AMD  O/EB,  ^ 

The  Percentage  of  Venereal  Diseases  among  White  Soldiers  Only  in  the  United  States  Army  during  1918,  by  States 


IV 


COST  TO  THE  EMPLOYER  AND  EMPLOYEE 

Four  wrecks  on  one  railroad  within  recent  months  were  attributable 
directly  to  syphilis,  the  engineers  in  each  instance  having  paresis.  The 
loss  in  lives  and  property  was  great. 

One  large  manufacturing  plant  estimated  that  by  carrying  on  a 
medical  and  educational  campaign  against  venereal  diseases  among  their 
employees  they  increased  their  efficiency  $150,000  worth  in  a  single 
year.  (This  figure  was  given  by  an  executive  of  the  plant  in  question.) 

In  another  plant  it  was  learned  that  one  employee  had  spent  $800 
with  a  quack,  in  spite  of  which  he  was  not  cured  of  gonorrhea.  He  was 
directed  to  a  responsible  doctor  and  cured  at  an  expense  of  $50.  During 
the  year  this  plant  sent  45  of  their  employees  for  treatment. 

“These  are  single  instances,”  you  may  say.  “How  about  industry  as 
a  whole  ?” 


Infections  among  Men 


[86] 


COST  TO  THE  EMPLOYER  AND  EMPLOYEE 


Easily  the  most  complete  statistical  record  in  regard  to  the  venereal 
diseases  is  that  of  the  draft  and  these  figures  show  that  5.6%  of  the 
second  million  of  drafted  men  had  syphilis,  gonorrhea,  or  both.  This 
5.6%,  says  the  surgeon  general  of  the  army  (report  of  1919)  “showed 
more  clearly  the  correct  percentage  of  the  drafted  men  from  civil  life 
who  were  infected/'  [than  figures  on  the  first  or  third  million's].  As  a 
majority  of  these  men  came  directly  from  industry,  no  truer  reflection 
of  conditions  therein  can  be  had. 

The  Manufacturers’  Association  places  the  number  of  men  employed 
in  manufacturing  plants  at  10,000,000.  Applying  the  5.6%,  draft 
figures,  here,  would  show  560,000  of  these  men  to  have  a  venereal 
disease. 

The  average  loss  of  time  for  each  case  in  the  army,  where  prompt 
treatment  prevailed,  was  slightly  more  than  12  days  per  year.  Figured 
on  this  basis  the  manufacturing  industries  would  lose  6,720,000  days — 
days  representing  lost  production,  idleness  of  co-workers  who  depend 
on  the  infected  men  for  material  or  cooperation,  labor  turnover,  and 
money.  If  these  men  are  paid  on  an  average  of  $4.00  a  day,  the  wage 
cost  alone  would  amount  to  $26,880,000. 

The  complete  financial  loss  cannot  be  approximated,  since  this  would 
necessitate  figuring  in  the  time  lost  through  such  complications  as 
gonorrheal  rheumatism  and  the  various  syphilitic  conditions,  decrease  in 
working  activity,  and  increased  liability  to  accident.  Another  heavy 
expense  to  industry  is  the  extra  compensation  paid  to  employees  by 
insurance  carriers  for  the  delayed  recoveries  from  accidents  where  syph¬ 
ilis  and  gonorrhea  prolong  the  convalescence. 

To  further  emphasize  the  cost  of  venereal  diseases  to  the  employee, 
the  following  facts  are  pertinent:  an  analysis  of  venereal-disease  cases 
reported  in  one  of  the  states  during  1919  showed  that  73%  of  the  cases 
reported  were  men  and  27%  women,  and  that  the  men’s  ages  were  dis¬ 
tributed  as  shown  in  the  following  diagram.  The  distribution  for  women 
is  similar. 

Assuming  that  conditions  existing  in  this  state  are  a  fair  sample  of 
conditions  generally  existing,  an  estimate  may  be  made  of  the  amount 
of  infection  throughout  the  country  for  all  ages. 

According  to  census  reports  there  are  in  the  United  States  approxi¬ 
mately  10,148,000  men  between  the  ages  of  20  and  30.  Applying  the 
venereal-disease  rate  found  in  the  draft  (5.6%),  568,000  men  of  these 
ages  are  infected.  Since  the  state  report  cited  indicates  that  50%  of 

[37] 


COST  TO  THE  EMPLOYER  AND  EMPLOYEE 


the  cases  reported  among  men  fall  in  this  age  group,  it  may  be  assumed 
that  the  total  number  of  men  with  venereal  disease  in  the  United  States 
is  1,136,000. 

Estimating  that  men  between  20  and  50  years  old  earned  on  the 
average  of  $4.00  per  day,  that  men  from  15  to  20  and  over  50  years  of 
age  average  $3.00,  and  that  those  younger  than  15  years  earn  nothing, 
the  total  daily  earnings  of  diseased  males  of  the  United  States  is  over 
$4,500,000.  If  his  disease  renders  each  man  ineffective  12  days,  as  in 
the  army,  the  total  annual  loss  in  earnings  of  this  group  will  be  over 
$54,000,000.  And  all  this  leaves  out  of  account  entirely  the  loss  result¬ 
ing  from  infections  of  women. 

If  it  were  possible  to  lay  aside  all  health  and  moral  considerations 
there  would  still  remain  a  tremendous  financial  argument  to  prove  that 
it  will  pay  any  state  to  fight  the  venereal  diseases. 


PROVISION  FOR  FREE  TREATMENT  OF  THE  VENEREAL 
DISEASES  AT  HOSPITALS  AND  DISPENSARIES,  1920 

RANK 

State  Having  Least 
Number  of  Persons 
Number  Per  Clinic  —  1; 
Population  Number  of  Free  of  Persons  Greatest  Number 
State  1920  Census  Clinics  in  1920  Per  Clinic  Per  Clinic— 45 

10  234,730  28 


Alabama  .  2,347,295 

Arizona .  333,273 

Arkansas  .  1,750,995 

California  .  3,426,536 

Colorado  .  939,376 

Connecticut  .  1,380,585 

Delaware  .  223,003 

District  of  Columbia.  .  437,571 

Florida  .  966,296 

Georgia  .  2,894,683 

Idaho...., .  431,826 

Illinois  .  6,485,098 

Indiana  .  2,930,544 

Iowa  .  2,403,630 

Kansas  .  1,769,257 

Kentucky  .  2,416,013 

Louisiana  .  1,797,798 

Maine  .  768,014 

Maryland  .  1,449,610 

Massachusetts .  3,852,356 

Michigan  . 3,667,222 

Minnesota .  2,386,371 

Mississippi  .  1,789,384 

Missouri  . 3,403,547 

Montana  .  547,593 

Nebraska  .  1,295,502 

Nevada  .  77,407 

New  Hampshire  .  443,083 

New  Jersey  .  3,155,374 

New  Mexico .  360,247 

New  York  .  10,384,144 

North  Carolina  .  2,556,486 

North  Dakota .  645,730 

Ohio .  5,759,368 

Oklahoma  .  2,027,564 

Oregon  .  783,389 

Pennsylvania  .  8,720,159 

Rhode  Island  .  604,397 

South  Carolina .  1,683,662 

South  Dakota .  635,839 

Tennessee .  2,337,459 

Texas .  4,661,027 

Utah  .  449,446 

Vermont  .  352,421 

Virginia  .  2,306,361 

Washington  .  1,356,316 

West  Virginia  .  1,463,610 

Wisconsin .  2,631,839 

Wyoming  .  194,402 


Totals  . 105,683,108 


3 

583,665 

45 

24 

142,772 

10 

7 

134,197 

8 

6 

230,098 

26 

2 

111,502 

6 

8 

54,696 

1 

11 

87,845 

3 

7 

413,526 

39 

24 

270,212 

31 

17 

172,385 

14 

10 

240,363 

30 

6 

294,876 

35 

12 

201,334 

17 

4 

449,450 

41 

5 

153,603 

13 

11 

131,783 

7 

18 

214,020 

22 

13 

282,094 

33 

5 

477,274 

42 

4 

447,346 

40 

7 

486,221 

43 

2 

273,797 

32 

9 

143,945 

11 

3 

147,694 

12 

11 

286,852 

34 

2 

180,124 

16 

73 

142,249 

9 

11 

232,408 

27 

3 

215,243 

23 

26 

221,514 

24 

9 

225,285 

25 

2 

391,695 

38 

102 

85,492 

2 

6 

100,733 

5 

8 

210,458 

20 

3 

211,946 

21 

7 

333,923 

36 

8 

582,628 

44 

5 

89,889 

4 

2 

176,211 

15 

11 

209,669 

19 

4 

339,079 

37 

7 

209,087 

18 

11 

239,258 

29 

539 

196,073 

[39] 


VI 


WHY  AMERICA  CANNOT  ADOPT  THE  OLD  EUROPEAN 
PLAN  FOR  DEALING  WITH  PROSTITUTION 

For  a  long  time  any  attempt  to  deal  with  prostitution  in  America  has 
been  met  with  the  objection  “they  do  it  thus  and  so  in  Europe.”  Objec¬ 
tors  based  their  arguments  on  the  assumption  that  Europe,  out  of  her 
long  experience,  had  evolved  a  system  of  dealing  with  prostitution  that 
was  well-nigh  perfect — one  that  America  would  do  well  to  adopt  or  to 
be  guided  by  in  forming  her  policies. 

Abraham  Flexner,  of  the  General  Education  Board,  was  chosen  by 
the  Bureau  of  Social  Hygiene,  of  New  York  City,  to  make  an  investi¬ 
gation  of  European  methods.  He  had  no  prejudices  and  was  given  no 
instructions,  except  to  make  a  thorough  and  impartial  examination  of 
prostitution  in  Europe  and  to  report  his  observations  and  conclusions  to 
the  Bureau.  To  this  work  he  devoted  almost  two  years. 

Among  the  facts  established  by  Mr.  Flexner’s  findings20  is  that  the 
European  policy  of  regulating  prostitution  is  not  successful  in  its  opera¬ 
tion.  The  first  discovery  that  he  made  was  that  the  regulatory  system 
so  highly  advocated  for  America  prevails  in  only  a  small  part  of 
Europe.  He  says: 

Time  was  when  regulation  prevailed  through  almost  the  whole  of  Europe. 
It  has  now  [1913]  died  out  in  Great  Britain,  Holland,  Denmark,  Norway,  and 
Switzerland,  excepting  only  the  city  of  Geneva.  It  cannot  be  said  to  be  vigor¬ 
ous  any  longer  even  in  a  single  one  of  the  countries  in  which  it  still  exists.  The 
system  is  on  its  last  legs  in  France,  Belgium,  Germany,  Austria-Hungary, 
Sweden,  and  Italy.  In  only  two  towns,  Hamburg  and  Budapest,  do  the  muni¬ 
cipal  authorities  as  a  whole  any  longer  tenaciously  cling  to  it.  When  we  are 
told  that  regulation  is  practiced  in  Europe  we  may  confidently  reply  that  that 
system  has  died  out  in  many  countries  and  is  moribund  almost  everywhere  else. 

The  second  discovery  was  that  it  is  practiced  in  no  two  places  in  the 
same  way.  Concerning  this  point,  he  says : 

No  two  countries  and  no  two  cities  still  adhering  to  regulation  practice  it  in 
the  same  way.  Wide  diversity  prevails  in  respect  to  points  of  fundamental  and 
essential  importance.  If  regulation  operated  successfully  in  any  one  place, 
every  other  city  employing  the  system  would  copy  the  successful  model.  Regu¬ 
lation  varies  from  place  to  place  because  it  does  not  operate  successfully  any¬ 
where.  When,  therefore,  it  is  urged  that  regulation  be  adopted  in  America 
because  it  is  used  in  Europe,  I  suggest  that  it  be  asked  what  form  of  regulation 


20  Flexner,  Abraham,  Prostitution  in  Europe.  New  York:  Century  Co., 
1914.  455  pp. 


[40] 


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THE  DISCARDED  EUROPEAN  PLAN 


is  meant  and  what  degree  of  success  it  achieves  in  the  place  in  which  it  is 
employed. 

Mr.  Flexner  explains  regulation  as  it  is  practiced  in  Europe  to  mean 
that  prostitution  is  tolerated  on  certain  conditions,  mainly  by  subjecting 
it  to  certain  rules  which  practically  constitute  a  license  to  practice  pros¬ 
titution.  In  general  these  rules  require  that  the  prostitute  apply  to  the 
police  for  permission  to  carry  on  her  trade ;  that  she  register  her  name 
and  abode ;  that  she  agree  to  live  in  a  particular  place,  to  avoid  certain 
localities  and  associations,  to  refrain  from  certain  acts,  and  to  appear  at 
regular  intervals  for  medical  examination. 

Regulation  depends  for  its  success  first  of  all  on  registering  all  or 
nearly  all  the  prostitutes.  Mr.  Flexner  found  that  “nowhere  is  more 
than  an  unimportant  fraction  registered,  and  that  the  bulk  of  it  is 
everywhere  handled  without  regulation,  even  in  communities  in  which 
regulation  is  said  to  exist.” 

Those  who  advocate  regulation  claim  that  it  aids  public  order  and 
decency.  Mr.  Flexner  shows  how  far  and  why  it  fails  in  this: 

Regulation  recognizes  prostitution  as  a  legitimate,  even  if  deplorable, 
means  of  gaining  a  livelihood.  The  woman  who  registers  with  the  police  is 
thenceforth  authorized  to  practice  prostitution.  She  has  no  other  way  of  gain¬ 
ing  subsistence,  for  the  law  stamps  her  a  professional  prostitute.  To  this  end 
she  must  find  customers,  therefore  she  must  solicit  in  the  streets,  in  cafes,  thea¬ 
ters,  and  other  resorts;  .  .  .  consequently  street-walking  and  soliciting  in  the 
streets  and  elsewhere  become  universal  in  regulated  towns.  These  practices  are 
objectionable  because  they  offend  against  public  decency,  because  by  making 
professional  prostitution  more  profitable  they  make  it  more  alluring,  because, 
by  increasing  the  amount  of  business,  they  increase  the  amount  of  disease. 

Regulation  has  been  advocated  for  American  cities  on  the  ground  that 
in  Europe  prostitution  is  confined  to  disorderly  houses  which  are  set  off 
to  one  side  so  as  not  to  offend  decent  people.  Mr.  Flexner  found  that: 

There  is  no  such  thing  as  segregation  of  prostitution  in  Europe ;  there  is  no 
such  thing  as  segregation  of  even  that  small  fraction  of  prostitution  which  is 
regulated  by  the  police.  The  forty-seven  houses  of  prostitution  in  Paris,  the 
six  in  Vienna,  the  thirteen  in  Budapest,  the  ten  in  Frankfort,  the  ninety-eight 
in  Cologne,  the  seventeen  in  Geneva,  the  twenty-two  in  Rome,  the  thirty  in 
Stockholm  are  scattered  in  various  parts  of  the  city.  The  Hamburg  houses 
occupy  more  than  eight  different  streets  in  widely  separated  sections  of  the 
town.  The  Dresden  houses  are  found  on  thirty-two  different  streets.  More¬ 
over,  in  all  these  cities  registered  prostitutes  live  in  other  streets  as  well.  The 
situation  then  is  this:  the  bulk  of  prostitution  even  in  regulated  cities  is  not 
regulated  at  all,  it  lives  where  and  as  it  pleases.  The  minority  may  be  regis¬ 
tered,  but  only  a  small  proportion  of  this  minority  lives  in  houses,  and  these 


THE  DISCARDED  EUROPEAN  PLAN 


houses  are  scattered.  As  far  as  Europe  is  concerned,  segregation  is  a  term 
which  attempts  to  describe  what  has  no  existence  whatsoever. 

As  to  the  medical  inspection  of  prostitutes.  Dr.  Flexner  has  this  to 
say: 

There  are  several  reason, why  medical  inspection  is  bound  to  be  futile.  In 
the  first  place,  too  few  women  are  examined;  for  if,  as  I  have  said,  the  police 
never  apprehend  more  than  an  unimportant  fraction,  medical  inspection  never 
reaches  at  all  the  bulk  of  those  diseases.  In  the  next  place,  medical  inspection 
does  not  continuously  protect  even  the  registered  women.  The  woman  pro¬ 
nounced  diseased  is  forcibly  confined  to  a  prison  hospital.  Now  the  prostitute 
resents  imprisonment,  even  in  her  own  hygienic  interest.  She  learns  quite 
early  the  signs  of  infection;  discovering  herself  infected,  she  does  one  of  two 
things — covers  them  up,  a  trick  at  which  she  is  expert,  or,  as  the  phrase  is,  “she 
disappears” — does  not  report  for  medical  examination,  meanwhile  plying  her 
trade  in  secret.  When,  therefore,  medical  inspection  is  urged  on  the  ground 
that  in  Europe  it  is  employed  to  reduce  disease,  you  may  confidently  reply  that 
regulation  in  Europe  has  most  completely  collapsed  at  precisely  that  point. 


[42] 


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North  Dakota 

VII 

THE  CASE  AGAINST  THE  RED  LIGHT 


It  is  claimed  that 

SEGREGATION: 
Decreases  crime  by  enabling 
police  supervision  of  a  recog¬ 
nized  crime  center. 


Safeguards  against  sexual 
perversions  by  providing  an 
outlet  for  the  unrestrained 
sexual  appetites  of  men. 


Protects  boys  and  young  men 
from  contact  with  the  prosti¬ 
tute  by  removing  tempta¬ 
tion  from  the  streets  and 
residence  districts. 


Decreases  prostitution  by 
regulation. 

Decreases  venereal  diseases 
through  medical  inspection. 


Concentrates  prostitution, 
thus  facilitating  control  and 
reduction. 


Enables  control  of  the  liquor 
traffic  in  connection  with 
prostitution. 

Prevents  crimes  against 
women. 


Protects  the  community  from 
offensive  and  detrimental 

t 

proximity  of  prostitution. 


Decreases  graft  in  connection 
with  prostitution,  and  the 
exploitation  of  the  prostitute. 


The  truth  is  that 

SEGREGATION: 

Increases  crime  by  fostering  viciousness  and 
disease,  providing  a  meeting-place  for  the  idle 
and  vicious,  with  whom,  rather  than  with  the 
police,  the  prostitutes  sympathize  and  usually 
cooperate. 

Fosters  sexual  perversions  and  abnormalities  by 
educating  men  in  habits  of  promiscuous  sex 
relations  until  they  cannot  be  satisfied  by  the 
professional  prostitute,  except  by  perversions 
which  she  is  compelled  to  practice. 

Exposes  boys  and  young  men  to  contact  with 
the  prostitute,  by  presenting  an  ever-present 
opportunity  to  “go  down  the  line  and  see  the 
sights.”  Provides  a  showplace  for  special  ob¬ 
scene  and  depraved  exhibitions,  to  which  the 
youth  is  lured  by  “runners”  and  the  sale  of 
lewd  pictures. 

Increases  prostitution  by  increasing  the  demand, 
which  increases  the  supply. 

Increases  venereal  diseases  by  deceiving  the 
ignorant  into  a  disastrous  reliance  upon  a  fre¬ 
quently  “faked”  and  inevitably  futile  medical 
inspection. 

Increases  prostitution,  making  it  familiar  by 
continual  advertisement.  Affords  a  place  of 
commerce,  otherwise  uncertain  and  precarious, 
to  the  least  competent  of  prostitutes,  mentally 
and  physically. 

Stimulates  an  illegal  liquor  traffic,  since  com¬ 
mercialized  prostitution  does  not  flourish  without 
liquor. 

Incites  crimes  against  women  by  fostering 
sexual  promiscuity  and  providing  a  source  of 
sexual  brutalization  and  degeneracy. 

Exposes  the  community  by  advertising  prostitu¬ 
tion  as  a  community  necessity,  making  it  easily 
accessible  and  tolerated,  a  condition  conducive 
to  the  moral  degradation  of  the  community. 

Increases  graft,  by  illegal  toleration  of  commer¬ 
cialized  crime,  tempting  the  police  to  exact 
illegal  revenue  and  confer  illegal  privilege.  Gives 
free  rein  to  the  exploitation  of  prostitutes. 

[43] 


VIII 


REFORM  SCHOOLS  AND  REFORMATORIES 

REFORM  SCHOOLS  FOR  GIRLS  ESTABLISHED  BEFORE  1914 


Per  Capita 


State  and  Date  of 

Fiscal  Year 

Average 

Cost  of 

Opening 

Address 

Reported  on 

Population 

Maintenance 

Alabama,  1911 

Birmingham 

Jan. 

1918-19 

56 

$202.28 

California,  1849 

Ventura 

June 

1917-18 

126 

572.41 

Colorado,  1896 

Morrison 

Nov. 

1917-18 

128 

283.54 

Connecticut,  1870 

Middletown 

Sept. 

1917-18 

247 

364.00 

Delaware,  1894 

Wilmington 

Jan. 

1918-19 

80 

306.60 

Dist.  of  Columbia,  1893 

Washington 

June 

1918-19 

93 

269.27 

Illinois,  1892 

Geneva 

July 

1918-19 

455 

348.00 

Indiana,  1873 

Claremont 

Jan. 

1918-19 

361 

272.18 

Iowa,  1866 

Mitchellville 

June 

1917-18 

186 

282.98 

Kansas,  1888 

.  Beloit 

June 

1917-18 

151 

399.01 

Maine,  1875 

Hallowell 

June 

1917-18 

123 

328.33 

Maryland,  1868 

Baltimore 

Jan. 

1918-19 

76 

333.00 

Massachusetts,  1854 

Lancaster 

Nov. 

1917-18 

341 

373.34 

Michigan,  1878 

Adrian 

June 

1917-18 

402 

270.23 

Minnesota,  1911 

Sauk  Center 

Aug. 

1917-18 

268 

320.26 

Missouri,  1888 

Chillicothe 

Jan. 

1918-19 

217 

369.38 

Nebraska,  1890 

Geneva 

Dec. 

1917-18 

102 

423.03 

New  Jersey,  1870 

Trenton 

July 

1918-19 

246 

443.40 

New  York,  1903 

Hudson 

Jan. 

1918-19 

366 

445.72 

Ohio,  1870 

Delaware 

June 

1917-18 

436 

335.70 

Oregon,  1913 

Salem 

Sept. 

1917-18 

44 

360.56 

Pennsylvania,  1828 

Darling 

Jan. 

1918-19 

598 

255.63 

Rhode  Island,  1882 

Howard 

Jan. 

1918-19 

382 

189.29 

West  Virginia,  1899 

Industrial 

June 

1917-18 

113 

217.18 

Wisconsin,  1874 

Milwaukee 

June 

1917-18 

232 

227.33 

Established 

since  191 4 

Arkansas,  1919 

Alexander 

Florida,  1917 

Ocala 

Jan. 

1918-19 

40 

Georgia,  1914 

Atlanta 

June 

1918-19 

97 

284.05 

Kentucky,  1919 

Louisville 

Montana,  1919 

Helena 

New  Mexico,  1919 

Albuquerque 

North  Carolina,  1918 

Samarcand 

Jan. 

1918-19 

8 

365.00 

Oklahoma,  1918 

Oklahoma  City 

Jan. 

1,  1919 

85 

South  Carolina,  1919 

Columbia 

South  Carolina,  1919 

Columbia  (Fairwold)  1 

Tennessee,  1918 

Tullahoma 

Jan. 

1919-20 

80 

$180.00 

Texas,  1916 

Gainesville 

Aug. 

1917-18 

112 

364.21 

Texas,  1914 

Bellaire  2 

Aug. 

1918-19 

74 

432.31 

Virginia,  1914 

Bon  Air 

Sept. 

1918-19 

66 

353.38 

Virginia,  1915 

Peak’s  Turnout  1 

.  Mar. 

1918-19 

50 

242.30 

Washington,  1914 

Grand  Mound 

Jan. 

1918-19 

115 

275.00 

1  For  Negro  girls.  Fairwold  was  started  by  the  Negroes  of  South  Carolina.  The 
State  Federation  of  Colored  Women's  Clubs  is  largely  responsible  for  its  maintenance. 

2  County  school,  which  serves  the  state  as  a  state  school. 

[44] 


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W'““° 

REFORM  SCHOOLS  AND  REFORMATORIES 


REFORM  SCHOOLS  FOR  BOTH  BOYS  AND  GIRLS 


Arizona,  1903 

Fort  Grant 

Jan. 

1917-18 

22 

$465.29 

Montana,  1894 

Miles  City 

New  Hampshire,  1894 

Manchester 

Sept. 

1917-18 

38 

346.89 

Pennsylvania,  1854 
Utah 

M organza 

Jan. 

1918-19 

140 

273.75 

Vermont,  1876 

Vergennes 

July 

1917-18 

73 

.  306.91 

REFORMATORIES  FOR  WOMEN 

Established  before 

1914 

Indiana,  1871 

Indianapolis 

Sept. 

1917-18 

133 

$222.15 

Massachusetts,  1877 

Framingham 

Nov. 

1917-18 

301 

629.40 

New  Jersey,  1913 

Clinton  Farms 

July 

1918-19 

109 

621.95 

New  York,  1893 

Albion 

Jan. 

1918-19 

206 

429.01 

New  York,  1901 

Bedford  Hills 

July 

1918-19 

348 

667.66 

Established 

since 

1914 

Arkansas,  1920 

Jacksonville 

Connecticut,  1920 

East  Lynne 

Iowa,  1918 

Rockwell  City 

Maine,  1916 

Skowhegan 

Jan. 

1918-19 

54 

$547.50 

Minnesota,  1920 

Shakopee 

Ohio,  1916 

Marysville 

June 

1917-18 

126 

456.32 

Pennsylvania,  1920 
Wisconsin,  1920 

Muncy 

Location  of  Reformatories  and  Reform  Schools  for  Women  and  Girls 

-|-  Reformatories  for  Women  Reform  Schools  for  Girls 

O  Reform  Schools  for  Both  Boys  and  Girls 


[45] 


IX 

GOVERNMENT  PRONOUNCEMENTS 

COUNCIL  OF  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 

The  General  Medical  Board  of  the  Council  of  National  Defense  held  hear¬ 
ings  in  accordance  with  the  following  recommendation  of  its  Committee  on 
Hygiene  and  Sanitation: 

The  venereal  diseases.  Among  the  communicable  diseases  disseminated 
through  human  contacts,  syphilis  and  gonorrhea  are  preeminently  of  first 
importance  in  their  bearing  upon  military  efficiency.  Under  present  conditions 
it  is  vitally  essential  that  a  practical  program  for  the  control  of  these  diseases 
be  adopted  and  immediately  placed  in  operation.  This  program  will  include  at 
least  three  lines  of  effort. 

1.  Discovery,  treatment,  and  supervision  of  individuals  infected. 

2.  Instruction  and  protection  of  individuals  not  infected. 

3.  Investigation,  demonstration,  and  public  education  directed  toward  the 
development  of  more  effective  measures  than  are  at  present  applicable. 

The  epidemiology  of  the  venereal  diseases  is  such  that  military  and  civil 
requirements  for  their  control  are  interdependent,  and  are  closely  related  to 
the  problems  of  control  of  prostitution  and  alcohol. 

Following  the  experience  of  the  English  government  in  appointing  the 
Royal  Commission  on  Venereal  Diseases  for  the  purpose  of  studying  this  ques¬ 
tion  and  creating  an  informed  public  opinion  through  the  hearings  and  sittings 
of  the  Commission,  it  would  seem  advisable  that  the  Committee  on  Hygiene 
and  Sanitation  should  hold  at  an  early  date  a  hearing  on  this  subject,  inviting 
for  the  purpose  prominent  sanitarians,  urologists,  dermatologists,  syphilogists, 
genito-urinary  specialists,  and  representatives  of  social  hygiene  and  welfare 
agencies. 

As  a  result  the  Council,  on  May  7,  1917,  formally  adopted  the  following 
resolutions : 

"Whereas,  venereal  infections  are  among  the  most  serious  and  disabling 
diseases  to  which  the  soldier  and  sailor  are  liable; 

Whereas,  they  constitute  a  grave  menace  to  the  civil  population; 

Therefore,  the  Committee  on  Hygiene  and  Sanitation  of  the  General  Med¬ 
ical  Board  of  the  Council  of  National  Defense,  recommends  that  the  General 
Medical  Board  transmit  to  the  Council  of  National  Defense  for  the  guidance 
of  the  War  and  Navy  Departments  the  following  recommendations: 

1.  That  the  Departments  of  War  and  Navy  officially  recognize  that  sexual 
continence  is  compatible  with  health  and  that  it  is  the  best  prevention  of 
venereal  infections. 

2.  That  the  Departments  of  War  and  Navy  take  steps  toward  the  preven¬ 
tion  of  venereal  infections  through  the  exclusion  of  prostitutes  within  an  effec¬ 
tive  zone  surrounding  all  places  under  their  control,  and  by  the  provision  of 
suitable  recreation  facilities,  the  control  of  the  use  of  alcoholic  drinks,  and 
other  effective  measures. 


[46] 


GOVERNMENT  PRONOUNCEMENTS 


3.  That  the  said  Departments  adopt  a  plan  for  centralized  control  of 
venereal  infections  through  special  divisions  of  their  medical  services. 

4.  That  the  said  Departments  consider  the  plan  of  organization  herewith 
attached. 

Whereas,  the  use  of  alcoholic  beverages  is  generally  recognized  as  an 
important  factor  in  the  spread  of  venereal  disease  in  the  Army  and  Navy;  and 

Whereas,  these  diseases  are  among  the  most  serious  and  disabling  ones  to 
which  soldiers  and  sailors  are  liable; 

Therefore,  be  it  resolved  that  we  endorse  the  action  of  the  Army  and 
Navy  in  prohibiting  alcoholic  beverages  within  military  placs  in  their  control 
and  we  further  recommend  that  the  sale  or  use  of  alcoholic  beverages  be  pro¬ 
hibited  to  soldiers  and  sailors  within  an  effective  zone  about  such  places. 

The  partial  program  which  grew  out  of  this  early  pronouncement  of  the 
government  became  popularly  known  as  “the  American  plan.” 

FROM  GENERAL  ORDERS  NO.  135,  WAR  DEPARTMENT, 
WASHINGTON,  D.  C.,  DECEMBER  23,  1919. 

The  statements  herein  defining  the  attitude  of  the  War  Department  toward 
sex  morality  are  published  for  the  information  and  guidance  of  all  concerned. 
The  responsibility  and  influence  of  officers  in  making  effective  the  provisions 
of  this  order  are  of  the  greatest  import,  and  the  War  Department  looks  to 
them  to  accord  their  undivided  allegiance  to  this  work  which  presents  such 
large  opportunity  for  national  service. 

1.  The  successful  experience  of  the  army  in  combating  venereal  disease 
during  the  World  War  indicates  clearly  that: 

(а)  Continence  is  not  prejudicial  to  health,  and  its  maintenance  is  the 
only  sure  method  of  avoiding  venereal  disease.  Measures  encouraging  it  have 
proved  most  effective  in  keeping  down  rates  of  venereal  disease. 

(б)  Prophylaxis  is  a  measure  of  disinfection  which  is  provided  solely  to 
protect  exposed  men  from  the  results  of  their  folly  and  to  save  their  services 
to  the  government.  It  is  not  in  any  sense  an  expression  of  approval  by  the 
War  Department  of  illicit  intercourse.  Its  use  appears  to  reduce  the  liability 
to  venereal  disease  among  those  exposed  to  about  one  third  of  what  it  would 
be  without  prophylaxis. 

2.  On  the  basis  of  the  foregoing,  it  is  announced  as  the  policy  of  the  War 
Department  to  continue  to  promote  sex  morality  by: 

(а)  Encouragement  of  continence. 

(б)  Encouragement  of  efforts  to  eliminate  prostitution. 

(c)  Provision  of  supervised  medical  prophylactic  facilities  for  men  exposed 
to  disease. 

( d )  Thorough  treatment  of  disease  acquired. 

(a)  Punishment  for  failure  to  use  prophylaxis  after  exposure. 


[47] 


X 

RESOLUTIONS 

EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  OF  THE  AMERICAN  BAR  ASSOCIATION 
AT  CHICAGO,  APRIL  25,  1919 

Resolved:  That  it  is  the  sense  of  the  Executive  Committee  that  we  cor¬ 
dially  endorse,  and  desire  to  cooperate  with  efforts  of  the  United  States  gov¬ 
ernment  and  the  various  state  governments  and  municipal  authorities  in  stamp¬ 
ing  out  venereal  diseases  throughout  the  United  States. 

INTERNATIONAL  ASSOCIATION  OF  CHIEFS  OF  POLICE 

Whereas,  Prostitution  is  the  main  source  of  the  venereal  diseases,  which 
cause  inestimable  economic  loss,  as  well  as  broken  lives  and  homes;  and 

Whereas,  The  United  States  government  during  the  war  carried  on  a 
relentless  campaign  for  the  repression  of  prostitution  and  the  control  of  vene¬ 
real  diseases,  which  resulted  in  keeping  the  army  and  navy  fit  to  fight,  with 
a  corresponding  benefit  to  the  civil  population;  and 

Whereas,  The  federal  government,  through  the  Public  Health  Service  and 
the  Interdepartmental  Social  Hygiene  Board,  continues  to  assist  the  states 
with  federal  appropriations  and  personnel;  and 

Whereas,  The  main  burden  of  law  enforcement  falls  upon  police  depart¬ 
ments,  which  are  sometimes  inadequately  equipped  with  laws,  personnel,  and 
funds;  be  it 

Resolved,  That  the  International  Association  of  Police  Chiefs  endorses 
the  campaign  for  the  repression  of  prostitution  and  the  control  of  venereal 
diseases,  and  believes  that  it  should  be  continued  with  redoubled  vigor  here¬ 
after,  and  also  urges  the  adoption  by  the  states  and  municipalities  of  better 
laws  for  the  accomplishment  of  such  purpose,  and  the  appropriation  of  larger 
sums  for  its  fulfillment. 

AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION,  JUNE  7,  1917 

Therefore,  Be  it  Resolved:  That  the  American  Medical  Association 
endorses  the  actions  of  Congress  and  the  Council  of  National  Defense  and 
commends  the  following  as  the  basis  for  a  program  of  civil  activities: 

1.  That  sexual  continence  is  compatible  with  health  and  is  the  best  pre¬ 
vention  of  venereal  infections; 

2.  That  steps  be  taken  toward  the  prevention  of  venereal  infections  through 
the  prevention  of  prostitution,  and  by  the  provision  of  suitable  recreational 
facilities,  the  control  of  alcoholic  drinks,  and  other  effective  constructive 
measures; 

3.  That  plans  be  adopted  for  centralized  control  of  venereal  infections 
through  special  divisions  of  the  proper  public  health  and  medical  services; 

4.  That  the  hospitals  and  dispensaries  be  encouraged  to  increase  their 
facilities  for  early  treatment  and  follow-up  service  for  venereal  diseases  as  a 
measure  of  national  efficiency; 

5.  That  the  members  of  the  medical  profession  be  urged  to  make  every 
effort  to  promote  public  opinion  in  support  of  measures  instituted  in  accord¬ 
ance  with  these  principles  of  action  in  the  control  of  venereal  diseases. 


[48] 


RESOLUTIONS 


AMERICAN  PUBLIC  HEALTH  ASSOCIATION 

Resolved,  That  the  Association  strongly  endorses  the  program  for  the 
protection  of  our  armed  forces  in  future  years  as  outlined  in  the  report  of  the 
Committee  on  Venereal  Diseases  of  the  Section  of  Public  Health  Administra¬ 
tion  and  pledges  its  support  of  civilian  cooperative  measures  for  making  these 
programs  effective;  also  that  the  Association  heartily  endorses  the  program 
of  the  United  States  Interdepartmental  Social  Hygiene  Board  and  of  the 
United  States  Public  Health  Service  for  combating  venereal  diseases,  and 
hereby  offers  the  active  cooperation  of  its  officers,  members,  and  the  Com¬ 
mittee  on  Venereal  Diseases  in  promoting  this  program,  and  urges  the  coordi¬ 
nation  of  federal  and  state  activities  everywhere  in  the  United  States  to  this 
end. 


AMERICAN  FEDERATION  OF  LABOR,  39th  ANNUAL  CON¬ 
VENTION,  1919,  RESOLUTION  NO.  144 

Whereas,  From  investigations  conducted  by  the  government  it  is  learned 
that  the  spread  of  venereal  diseases  has  caused  an  alarming  condition  to  exist 
throughout  the  nation.  According  to  figures  prepared  by  the  surgeon  general 
of  the  army,  approximately  200,000  cases  of  venereal  diseases  were  treated  in 
the  army,  and  of  this  number  more  than  160,000  men  came  into  the  service 
already  infected.  This  cross-section  of  America’s  manhood  demonstrates  a 
terrible  and  deplorable  physical  condition  of  our  country;  and 

Whereas,  Statements  made  by  the  surgeon  general  of  the  United  States 
Public  Health  Service  show  that  most  of  the  congenital  blindness  is  due  to 
gonorrheal  infection  of  the  mother;  that  most  cases  of  abdominal  operations 
on  women  are  due  to  this  disease ;  that  most  cases  of  venereal  infection  in  mar¬ 
ried  women  come  from  infection  contracted  in  earlier  life  by  their  husbands; 
that  syphilis  is  filling  the  insane  asylums  and  feeble-minded  institutions  of  the 
country;  that  defectives  of  many  classes,  due  to  syphilis,  are  becoming  an 
increasing  burden  on  the  people  of  the  United  States;  and 

Whereas,  Statistics  issued  by  the  Public  Health  Service  show  that  prosti¬ 
tution  causes  most  of  the  spread  of  venereal  diseases,  and  it  is  an  unfortunate 
fact  that  prostitutes  are  recruited  largely  from  among  working  girls  and 
women;  and 

Whereas,  The  government,  with  the  cooperation  of  the  states,  has  by  a 
comprehensive  program  of  education,  medical  treatment,  and  law  enforcement 
demonstrated  that  the  spread  of  these  diseases  can  be  controlled  and  their 
ravages  reduced;  therefore  be  it 

Resolved,  That  the  American  Federation  of  Labor  in  convention  assem¬ 
bled  heartily  endorses  the  efforts  of  the  United  States  Public  Health  Service, 
cooperating  with  the  various  states,  in  combating  the  spread  of  venereal  dis¬ 
eases;  and  be  it  further 

Resolved,  That  we  call  upon  organized  labor  to  familiarize  themselves 
with  the  government’s  program  of  combating  these  diseases  and  to  assist  in 
every  possible  manner  the  eradication  of  these  scourges  of  civilization. 


[49] 


RESOLUTIONS 


INTERNATIONAL  ASSOCIATION  OF  ROTARY  CLUBS,  SEPT.  1918. 

It  is  Resolved,  that  the  board  recognizes  and  accepts  Rotary’s  opportunity 
to  undertake  to  support  and  cooperate  with  the  governments  of  the  countries 
in  which  official  programs  exist  to  combat  venereal  diseases  .  .  . ;  and 

It  is  Resolved,  that  the  board  pledges  the  active  cooperation  of  the  Asso¬ 
ciation  and  its  member  clubs  to  assist  in  every  possible  way  this  vitally  impor¬ 
tant  work,  it  being  understood  that  any  governmental  department  desiring  to 
work  through  Rotary  Clubs  will  develop  a  program  of  procedure  for  each 
community  and  advise  the  board  and  the  several  clubs  regarding  such  program 
and  the  part  which  Rotary  Clubs  may  take  in  it  and  that  such  department  will 
furnish  the  necessary  printed  matter,  and  so  far  as  possible  the  services  of 
representatives  for  the  conduct  of  this  work  in  each  community;  and 

It  is  Resolved,  that  the  general  officers  and  the  district  governors  of  Rotary 
are  directed  to  cooperate  heartily  in  this  work  to  their  utmost  ability  without 
neglecting  such  other  work  in  Rotary  as  it  is  their  duty  to  perform. 

GENERAL  FEDERATION  OF  WOMEN’S  CLUBS,  JUNE  16,  1920 

Resolved,  That  we,  the  General  Federation  of  Women’s  Clubs  in  biennial 
convention  assembled,  commend  the  stand  of  the  United  States  government 
with  reference  to  the  moral  protection  of  our  fighting  forces  and  pledge  our 
hearty  cooperation  with  all  recognized  agencies  engaged  in  making  such  pro¬ 
tection  possible  for  our  young  men  and  women  in  civil  life;  and  be  it  further 

Resolved,  That  we  urge  our  state  public  health  committees  (1)  to  empha¬ 
size  in  their  educational  programs  the  need  of  the  individual  to  understand  the 
physiology  and  psychology  of  the  life  forces;  (2)  to  urge  local  clubs  to  study 
the  social  problems  involved  in  the  misuse  and  misunderstanding  of  the  life 
forces  and  to  work  intelligently  and  consistently  for  the  amelioration  of  these 
conditions. 

THE  LEAGUE  OF  WOMEN  VOTERS:  PLANKS  FROM  ITS 
SOCIAL  HYGIENE  PLATFORM 

(а)  Impartial  administration  of  all  laws  and  regulations,  as  between  men 
and  women,  that  no  sanction  be  given  to  a  double  standard  of  morality,  and 
that  women’s  health  be  protected  equally  with  that  of  men. 

(б)  Physical  and  mental  fitness  certificates  as  a  prerequisite  for  marriage 
licenses. 

(c)  Uniform  marriage  and  divorce  laws  throughout  the  United  States. 

(d)  Public  appropriations  for  the  dissemination  of  education  in  the  laws 
of  physical,  mental,  and  racial  health. 

( e )  Cooperation  with  all  recognized  agencies  for  promoting  the  social- 
hygiene  program  by  means  of  educational,  recreational,  remedial,  and  legis¬ 
lative  effort. 

PLANK  ON  SOCIAL  HYGIENE  PRESENTED  BY  THE  NATIONAL 

LEAGUE  OF  WOMEN  VOTERS  TO  THE  PLATFORM  COM¬ 
MITTEES  OF  THE  POLITICAL  PARTIES 

Public  Health  and  Morals.  We  commend  the  effort  for  moral  protec¬ 
tion  of  the  fighting  forces  of  the  nation  made  during  the  World  War,  and  we 
urge  a  continuance  of  appropriations  to  carry  on  an  active  campaign  for  the 
prevention  of  venereal  disease  and  for  public  education  in  sex  hygiene. 


[60] 


XI 


LEGISLATION  FOR  THE  REPRESSION  OF  PROSTITUTION 

Additional  legislation  needed  for  the  repression  of  prostitution 
includes  the  following  suggested  laws : 

1.  The  Vice  Repressive  Law,21  which  makes  it  an  offense, 

a.  To  keep,  set  up,  maintain,  or  operate  any  place,  structure,  or 
conveyance  for  purpose  of  prostitution,  assignation,  or  lewd¬ 
ness;22 

b.  To  occupy23  any  such  place  for  such  purpose,  or  to  permit24 
such  a  place  to  be  so  used; 

c.  To  receive,  or  offer,  or  agree  to  receive  any  person  into  such 
place  for  such  a  purpose,  or  to  permit  them  to  remain  therein 
for  such  a  purpose;25 

d.  To  direct,  take,  or  transport,  or  agree,  or  offer  to  do  so,  any 
person  to  any  such  place  with  knowledge  or  reason  to  know 
that  the  purpose  of  such  directing,  etc.,  is  prostitution,  lewd¬ 
ness,  or  assignation;26 


21  The  vice  repressive  law  in  its  entirety  has  been  enacted  in  Conn.,  Del., 
Md.,  Maine,  N.  H.,  N.  C.,  N.  D.,  Ohio,  R.  I.,  and  Vermont. 

22  Laws  of  this  nature  exist  in  Ala.,  Ariz.,  Cal.,  Colo.,  Conn.,  Del.,  Fla., 
Ga.,  Ida.,  Ill.,  Ind.,  Iowa,  Kan.,  Maine,  Md.,  Mass.,  Mich.,  Minn.,  Miss.,  Mo., 
Mont.,  Neb.,  Nev.,  N.  H.,  N.  Y.,  N.  C.,  N.  D.,  Ohio,  Okla.,  Ore.,  Pa.,  R.  I., 
S.  D.,  Tenn.,  Tex.,  Utah,  Vt.,  Va.,  Wash.,  W.  Va.,  Wis.,  Wyo.  This  provision 
doe»  not  exist  in  Ark.,  Ky.,  La.,  N.  J.,  N.  M.,  and  S.  C.  The  law  in  Ala.  and 
Miss,  should  be  amended  to  increase  the  penalty,  and  in  Mo.  to  include  the 
owner  of  the  premises. 

23  This  provision  exists  only  in  the  above  enumerated  states  which  have  the 
vice  repressive  law  in  toto,  and  is  needed  in  all  other  states. 

24  Similar  provisions  exist  in  Ariz.,  Conn.,  Del.,  Kan.,  Maine,  Md.,  Mass., 
Neb.,  N.  H.,  N.  Y.,  N.  C.,  N.  D.,  Ohio,  R.  I.,  Tex.,  Utah,  Vt.,  Va.,  Wis.  The 
laws  in  Ind.,  Mich.,  Minn.,  Okla.,  and  S.  D..  should  be  amended  to  include  all 
places,  structures,  or  conveyances. 

25  This  provision  exists  only  in  the  states  enumerated  in  Note  21  as  having 
the  vice  repressive  law,  and  is  needed  in  all  other  states. 

2«  This  provision  exists  in  the  states  named  in  Note  21  and  also  in  Ga. 
and  La.,  and  is  needed  in  all  other  states. 


[51] 


LEGISLATION  FOR  THE  REPRESSION  OF  PROSTITUTION 


e.  To  procure  or  solicit,  or  offer  to  do  so  for  such  purpose;27 

f.  To  reside  in,  enter,  or  remain  in  any  such  place  for  such  pur¬ 
pose;28 

g.  To  engage  in  prostitution,  lewdness,  or  assignation,  or  to  aid 
or  abet  therein.29 

Prostitution  should  be  defined  to  include  the  giving  or  receiving  of 
the  body,  for  hire,  or  the  giving  or  receiving  of  the  body  for  indiscrimi¬ 
nate  sexual  intercourse  without  hire.  (See  Form  No.  1,  Sec.  7  h.) 

This  law  is  specially  designed  to  meet  the  new  conditions  and  forms 
which  prostitution  has  now  assumed.  It  strikes  at  the  go-between,  pen¬ 
alizes  the  driver  of  the  for-hire  automobile  for  permitting  his  conveyance 
to  be  used  in  the  furtherance  of  prostitution,  and  punishes  the  imme¬ 
diate  parties  to  the  act,  as  well  as  the  exploiters.  It  is  particularly  meri¬ 
torious  in  that  it  removes  all  suspicion  of  sex  distinction. 

2.  A  law,  known  as  the  "‘Injunction  and  Abatement  Law/’  requir¬ 
ing  city  or  county  attorneys,  and  permitting  individual  citizens,  to  close 
by  injunction,  houses  used  in  whole  or  in  part  for  purposes  of  lewdness, 
assignation,  or  prostitution.  This  law  permits  the  private  citizen,  by  a 
suit  in  equity  in  the  name  of  the  state,  to  close  by  injunction  a  house  of 
prostitution  when  weak-kneed  public  officials  fail  to  enforce  the  law.30 

3.  The  so-called  “White  Slave  Law”  or  “Compulsory  Prostitution 
Law.”  This  is  a  law  directed  against  the  panderer,  the  procurer,  the 
madam  who  detains  a  girl  in  a  house  of  prostitution,  and  one  who  trans¬ 
ports  another  within  the  state  for  immoral  purposes.  It  also  reaches  the 

27  Solicitation  laws  exist  in  Colo.,  Conn.,  Del.,  Ga.,  Ill.,  Kan.,  La.,  Maine, 
Md.,  Mass.,  Minn.,  Mont.,  Nev.,  N.  J.,  N.  H.,  N.  M.,  N.  Y.,  N.  C.,  N.  D.,  Ohio, 

R.  I.,  LTah,  Vt.,  Va.,  Wash.,  Wis.,  and  such  laws  should  be  amended  in  Colo., 
Ga.,  Ill.,  Kan.,  La.,  Mass.,  Minn.,  Mont.,  Nev.,  N.  J.,  N.  M.,  Utah,  and  Wash., 
to  apply  to  both  sexes.  No  law  exists  in  Ariz.,  Ala.,  Ark.,  Cal.,  Fla.,  Ida.,  Ind., 
Iowa,  Ky.,  Mich.,  Miss.,  Mo.,  Neb.,  Okla.,  Pa.,  S.  C.,  S.  D.,  Tenn.,  Tex.,  W.  Va., 
and  Wyo. 

28  Outside  the  states  enumerated  in  Note  21,  and  Ind.,  Neb.,  N.  Y.,  and 

S.  D.,  such  a  law  is  made  applicable  only  to  bawdy-houses.  In  Ind.,  Neb.,  N.  Y., 
and  S.  D.,  it  should  be  amended  to  cover  all  places,  structures,  or  conveyances. 
Such  a  provision  is  needed  in  all  other  states. 

29  This  is  made  an  offense  in  all  the  states  enumerated  in  Note  21.  No 
such  law  exists  in  Ariz.,  Ark.,  Kv.,  Ore.,  Pa.,  S.  C.,  Tenn.,  and  W.  Va.  The  law 
in  the  following  states  should  be  amended  to  include  both  sexes:  Ala.,  Cal., 
Colo.,  Fla.,  Ga.,  Ida.,  Ill.,  Iowa,  Kan.,  La.,  Mass.,  Mich.,  Minn.,  Miss.,  Mo.  (also 
all  places),  Mont.,  Neb.,  Nev.,  N.  J.,  N.  M.,  N.  Y.  (also  all  places),  Okla.,  Tex., 
Utah,  Va.,  Wash.,  Wyo. 


[52] 


LEGISLATION  FOR  THE  REPRESSION  OF  PROSTITUTION 


pimp  or  other  person  who  receives  any  of  the  proceeds  of  prostitution 
or  who  lives  on  the  earnings  of  a  prostitute.31 

4.  A  law  or  ordinance  requiring  all  transient  hotels  and  rooming- 
houses  to  be  licensed  annually;  providing  for  their  supervision  and  the 
revocation  of  license  upon  violation  of  laws  against  prostitution ;  requir¬ 
ing  that  a  proper  register  of  guests  be  kept,  etc.  This  has  proved  to  be 
one  of  the  most  effective  and  easily  enforced  measures  against  prostitu¬ 
tion  wherever  tried.33 

5.  A  law  or  ordinance  licensing  taxicabs,  dance-halls,  skating-rinks, 
and  other  forms  of  commercial  amusements,  and  providing  for  super¬ 
vision  and  revocation  of  licenses  where  such  taxicabs  or  places  are  used 
for  purposes  of  lewdness,  assignation,  or  prostitution.32 

6.  A  law  making  statutory  rape  apply  to  both  sexes,  so  that  prosti¬ 
tutes  and  other  lewd  women  will  be  restrained  from  catering  to  young 
boys.38 

7.  A  law  providing  for  the  expeditious  removal  from  office  of  any 
municipal  or  county  official  who  neglects  or  refuses  to  enforce  these  laws. 
This  is  commonly  known  as  the  Ouster  Law  and  is  embodied  in  Form 
No.  5  (Sec.  7  h).34 

30  Laws  of  this  general  nature  exist  in  39  states  and  2  territories.  The 
essential  elements  which  should  be  contained  in  all  such  laws  should  be: 

(a)  Both  Injunction  and  Abatement.  (The  latter  is  needed  irf  the  Tex. 
and  Tenn.  laws.) 

( b )  That  suit  may  be  instituted  by  any  resident  citizen.  (Amendments 
of  this  nature  are  needed  in  Maine,  N.  H.,  N.  Y.,  and  Tenn.) 

( c )  No  bond  should  be  required  by  citizen-plaintiff.  (Amendments  rela¬ 
tive  to  this  feature  are  needed  in  Ala.,  Ind.,  Maine,  N.  H.,  N.  D.,  Ohio,  Tenn.) 

(d)  No  notice  should  be  necessary  before  filing  complaint.  (Amendments 
of  this  nature  are  needed  in  Me.,  N.  H.,  Pa.,  S.  C.,  Tenn.,  Utah.) 

( e )  The  injunction  should  be  granted  as  a  matter  of  course  when  a  con¬ 
tinuance  is  asked  by  defendant.  (Such  provisions  needed  in  Cal.,  Kan.,  Mass., 
N.  Y.,  Pa.,  Tenn.,  Tex.,  Wash.,  Wis.)  The  word  “knowingly”  should  be  stricken 
from  the  N.  Y.  laws. 

31  Entire  white-slave  laws  are  needed  in  Ga.,  Miss.,  S.  C.  (Amendments 
are  needed  in  Conn.,  Fla.,  Iowa,  Kan.,  N.  M.,  N.  C.,  Ohio,  Okla.,  Tenn.,  and 
Tex.  to  make  the  acceptance  of  the  proceeds  of  prostitution,  or  living  off  the 
earnings  of  a  prostitute  an  offense.) 

32  This  law  should  be  recommended  for  state  legislative  enactment,  only 
in  states  in  which  the  legislative  powers  of  municipalities  are  not  broad  enough 
to  permit  the  passage  of  an  ordinance  on  this  subject. 

33  See  model  law  No.  7  (Sec.  7  h).  A  similar  law  has  been  enacted  in  Wash, 

34  Similar  laws  have  been  enacted  in  Conn.,  Mich.,  N.  M.,  N.  Y.,  Okla., 
Ohio,  R.  I.,  S.  C.,  Wash.,  and  Wis. 


[53] 


showing  laws  now  existing.) 


XII 

STANDARD  FORMS  OF  LAWS 


Before  these  forms  are  introduced  as  bills,  they  should  be  carefully 
examined  by  an  attorney  in  the  state  concerned,  in  order  that  such 
changes  may  be  made  therein  as  will  bring  them  into  harmony  with 
the  legal  usage  and  procedure  in  that  state.  Additional  copies  may 
be  obtained  from  the  American  Social  Hygiene  Association,  105  West 
Fortieth  Street,  New  York  City. 

Form  No.  1 

Standard  Form  of  Law  for  the  Reprj^sion  of  Prostitution  35 
Section  1. 

That  from  and  after  the  passage  of  this  act  it  shall  be  unlawful: 

(а)  To  keep,  set  up,  maintain,  or  operate  any  place,  structure,  building, 
or  conveyance  for  the  purpose  of  prostitution,  lewdness,  or  assignation; 

(б)  To  occupy  any  place,  structure,  building,  or  conveyance  for  the  pur¬ 
pose  of  prostitution,  lewdness,  or  assignation,  or  for  any  person  to  permit  any 
place,  structure,  building,  or  conveyance  owned  by  him  or  under  his  control 
to  be  used  for  the  purpose  of  prostitution,  lewdness,  or  assignation,  with  knowl¬ 
edge  or  reasonable  cause  to  know  that  the  same  is,  or  is  to  be,  used  for  such 
purpose ; 

(c)  To  receive  or  to  offer  or  agree  to  receive  any  person  into  any  place, 
structure,  building,  or  conveyance  for  the  purpose  of  prostitution,  lewdness,  or 
assignation,  or  to  permit  any  person  to  remain  there  for  such  purpose; 

( d )  To  direct,  take,  or  transport,  or  to  offer  or  agree  to  take  or  trans¬ 
port,  any  person  to  any  place,  structure,  or  building,  or  to  any  other  person 
with  knowledge  or  reasonable  cause  to  know  that  the  purpose  of  such  direct¬ 
ing,  taking,  or  transporting  is  prostitution,  lewdness,  or  assignation; 

( e )  To  procure  or  to  solicit  or  to  offer  to  procure  or  solicit  for  the  pur¬ 
pose  of  prostitution,  lewdness,  or  assignation; 

(/)  To  reside  in,  enter,  or  remain  in  any  place,  structure,  or  building,  or 
to  enter  or  remain  in  any  conveyance,  for  the  purpose  of  prostitution,  lewd¬ 
ness,  or  assignation; 

( 9 )  T°  engage  in  prostitution,  lewdness,  or  assignation  or  to  aid  or  abet 
prostitution,  lewdness,  or  assignation  by  any  means  whatsoever. 


35  It  is  suggested  that  the  jurisdiction  of  municipal  courts  in  cities  of  a 
population  over  50,000  be  increased,  if  need  be,  to  include  such  offenses  as  are 
embraced  in  the  Vice  Repressive  Law.  Otherwise,  it  is  suggested  that  such 
jurisdiction  be  given  to  the  county  or  other  intermediate  criminal  court. 


[55] 


FORM  1— REPRESSION  OF  PROSTITUTION 


Section  2. 

That  the  term  “prostitution”  shall  be  construed  to  include  the  giving  or 
receiving  of  the  body  for  sexual  intercourse  for  hire,  and,  shall  also  be  con¬ 
strued  to  include  the  giving  or  receiving  of  the  body  for  indiscriminate  sexual 
intercourse  without  hire.  That  the  term  “lewdness”  shall  be  construed  to 
include  any  indecent  or  obscene  act.  That  the  term  “assignation”  shall  be  con¬ 
strued  to  include  the  making  of  any  appointment  or  engagement  for  prostitu¬ 
tion  or  lewdness  or  any  act  in  furtherance  of  such  appointment  or  engagement. 

Section  3. 

That  in  the  trial  of  any  person  charged  with  a  violation  of  any  of  the  pro¬ 
visions  of  Section  1  of  this  act,  testimony  of  a  prior  conviction,  or  testimony  con¬ 
cerning  the  reputation  of  any  place,  structure,  or  building  and  of  the  person 
or  persons  who  reside  in  or  frequent  the  same  and  of  the  defendant  shall  be 
admissible  in  evidence  in  support  of  the  charge. 

Section  4. 

That  any  person  who  shall  be  found  to  have  committed  two  or  more  vio¬ 
lations  of  any  of  the  provisions  of  Section  1  of  this  act  within  a  period  of  one 
year  next  preceding  the  date  named  in  an  indictment,  information,  or  charge 
of  violating  any  of  the  provisions  of  Section  1  of  this  act  shall  be  deemed 
guilty  in  the  first  degree.  That  any  person  who  shall  be  found  to  have  com¬ 
mitted  a  single  violation  of  any  of  the  provisions  of  this  act  shall  be  deemed 
guilty  in  the  second  degree. 

Section  5. 

(a)  That  any  person  who  shall  be  deemed  guilty  in  the  first  degree,  as  set 
forth  in  Section  4,  shall  be  subject  to  imprisonment  in,  or  commitment  to,  any 
penal  or  reformatory  institution  in  this  state  for  not  less  than  one  nor  more 
than  three  years;  provided,  that  in  case  of  a  commitment  to  a  reformatory 
institution  the  commitment  shall  be  made  for  an  indeterminate  period  of  time 
of  not  less  than  one  nor  more  than  three  years  in  duration,  and  the  board  of 
managers  or  directors  of  the  reformatory  institution  shall  have  authority  to 
discharge  or  to  place  on  parole  any  person  so  committed  after  the  service  of 
the  minimum  term,  or  any  part  thereof,  and  to  require  the  return  to  the  said 
institution  for  the  balance  of  the  maximum  term  of  any  person  who  shall  vio¬ 
late  the  terms  or  conditions  of  the  parole. 

(b)  That  any  person  who  shall  be  deemed  guilty  in  the  second  degree,  as 
set  forth  in  Section  4,  shall  be  subject  to  imprisonment  for  not  more  than  one 
year;  provided,  that  the  sentence  imposed,  or  any  part  thereof,  may  be  sus¬ 
pended,  and  provided  further  that  the  defendant  may  be  placed  on  probation 
in  the  care  of  a  probation  officer  designated  by  law  or  theretofore  appointed 
by  the  court  upon  the  recommendation  of  five  responsible  citizens. 

(c)  That  probation  or  parole  shall  be  granted  or  ordered  in  the  case  of 
a  person  infected  with  venereal  disease  only  on  such  terms  and  conditions  as 
shall  be  recommended  to  the  court  by  the  state  or  local  health  department  in 
order  to  insure  medical  treatment  therefor  and  prevent  the  spread  thereof,  and 
the  state  or  local  health  departments  may  order  any  convicted  defendant  to  be 
examined  for  venereal  disease. 


[56] 


FORM  2— FORNICATION— ADULTERY 


( d )  That  no  girl  or  woman  who  shall  be  convicted  under  this  act  shall 
be  placed  on  probation  or  on  parole  in  the  care  or  charge  of  any  person  except 
a  woman  probation  officer. 

(«)  That  persons  convicted  of  violating  sections . of  the  Crim¬ 

inal  Code  of  this  state  shall  be  dealt  with  as  provided  in  this  section,  and  in 
the  prosecutions  of  such  persons  the  provisions  of  Sections  2,  3,  4,  and  6  shall 
be  applicable. 

Section  6. 

That  prosecutions  for  the  violation  of  any  of  the  provisions  of  Section  I 
of  this  act  shall  be  tried  in  the  courts  of  this  state  wherein  misdemeanors 
(offenses)  are  triable  except  as  to  such  courts  the  jurisdiction  of  which  is  so 
limited  by  the  Constitution  of  this  state  as  that  the  said  jurisdiction  cannot 
by  statute  be  extended  to  include  criminal  actions  of  the  character  herein 
described. 

Section  7. 

That  the  declaration  by  the  courts  of  any  of  the  provisions  of  this  act  as 
being  in  violation  of  the  Constitution  of  this  state  shall  not  invalidate  the 
remaining  provisions. 

Section  8. 

That  all  laws  or  parts  of  laws  in  conflict  with  the  provisions  of  this  act, 
be  and  the  same  are  hereby  repealed. 


Form  No.  2 

Standard  Form  of  Law  on  Fornication 

Section  1. 

That  any  unmarried  person  who  shall  have  sexual  intercourse  with  a  person 
of  the  opposite  sex  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  fornication,  and,  upon  conviction 
thereof,  shall  be  punished  by  a  fine  of  not  more  than  five  hundred  dollars  or 
by  imprisonment  for  not  more  than  six  months  or  by  both  such  fine  and  impris¬ 
onment;  provided,  that  the  sentence  imposed  or  any  part  thereof  may  be  sus¬ 
pended  with  or  without  probation  in  the  discretion  of  the  court. 

[For  states  having  no  adultery  law,  the  above  form  will  be  incomplete. 
The  following  form  is  suggested  to  remedy  such  deficiency.] 

Form  of  Law  on  Adultery 

Section  1. 

Whenever  any  married  person  shall  (a)  attempt  to  have  carnal  inter¬ 
course  with  any  person  other  than  his  or  her  lawful  spouse  or  (b)  shall  have 
carnal  intercourse  with  such  person  or  (c)  shall  cohabit  with  su<;h  person 
openly  and  notoriously,  both  such  persons  shall  be  guilty  of  adultery. 

Section  2. 

Any  person  convicted  of  the  offense  described  in  Section  1  (a)  shall  be 
punished  by  a  fine  not  exceeding  $500  or  by  imprisonment  not  exceeding 


[57] 


FORM  a— INJUNCTION  AND  ABATEMENT 


six  months  or  by  both  such  fine  and  imprisonment;  any  person  convicted  of 
the  offense  described  in  Section  1  (b)  shall  be  punished  by  a  fine  not  exceed¬ 
ing  $1,000  or  by  imprisonment  not  exceeding  one  year  or  by  both  such  fine 
and  imprisonment;  any  person  convicted  of  the  offense  described  in  Section  1 
(c)  shall  be  punished  by  a  fine  not  exceeding  $1,000  or  by  imprisonment  not 
exceeding  three  years  or  by  both  such  fine  and  imprisonment. 

* 

Form  No.  3 

Standard  Form  of  Injunction  and  Abatement  Act 
Section  1. 

Terms  Defined.  For  the  purpose  of  this  act  the  terms  place,  person, 
nuisance  are  defined  as  follows:  place  shall  include  any  building,  erection,  or 
place,  or  any  separate  part  or  portion  thereof,  or  the  ground  itself ;  person  shall 
include  any  individual,  corporation,  association,  partnership,  trustee,  lessee, 
agent,  or  assignee;  nuisance  shall  mean  any  place  as  above  defined  in  or  upon 
which  lewdness,  assignation,  or  prostitution  is  conducted,  permitted,  continued, 
or  exists,  and  the  personal  property  and  contents  used  in  conducting  or  main¬ 
taining  any  such  place  for  any  such  purpose. 

Section  2. 

Who  Are  Guilty.  Any  person  who  shall  use,  occupy,  establish,  or  conduct 
a  nuisance  as  defined  in  Section  1,  or  aid  or  abet  therein,  and  the  owner,  agent, 
or  lessee  of  any  interest  in  any  such  nuisance,  together  with  the  persons 
employed  in  or  in  control  of  any  such  nuisance  by  any  such  owner,  agent,  or 
lessee  shall  be  guilty  of  maintaining  a  nuisance  and  shall  be  enjoined  as  here¬ 
inafter  provided. 

Section  3. 

Action  to  Enjoin  and  Abate  and  Who  May  Maintain  Same.  Whenever  a 
nuisance  exists,  the  attorney-general  of  the  state,  the  county  attorney,  or  any 
person  who  is  a  citizen  of  the  county  or  has  an  office  therein  may  bring  an 

action  in  equity  in  the  name  of  the  state  of . ,  upon  the  relation 

of  such  attorney-general,  county  attorney,  or  person  to  abate  such  nuisance 
and  to  perpetually  enjoin  the  person  or  persons  maintaining  the  same  from 
further  maintenance  thereof. 

Section  4. 

Jurisdiction  and  Procedure — Temporary  Injunction.  Such  action  shall  be 

brought  in  the . Court  of  the  county  in  which 

the  property  is  located.  At  or  before  the  commencement  of  the  action  a 
verified  complaint  alleging  the  facts  constituting  the  nuisance  shall  be  filed  in 
the  office  of  the  clerk  of  the  county,  together  with  a  notice  of  the  pendency  of 
the  action,  containing  the  names  of  the  parties,  the  object  of  the  action,  and 
a  brief  description  of  the  property  affected  thereby.  Such  notice  shall  be 
immediately  recorded  by  the  county  clerk.  After  the  filing  of  the  complaint, 

application  for  a  temporary  injunction  may  be  made  to  the . 

Court  or  a  judge  thereof,  who  shall  grant  a  hearing  thereon  within  ten  days 


[58] 


FORM  3— INJUNCTION  AND  ABATEMENT 


thereafter.  Where  such  application  for  a  temporary  injunction  has  been  made, 
the  court  or  judge  thereof  may,  on  application  of  the  complainant,  issue  an 
ex  parte  restraining  order  restraining  the  respondents  and  all  other  persons 
from  removing  or  in  any  manner  interfering  with  the  personal  property  and 
contents  of  the  place  where  such  nuisance  is  alleged  to  exist  until  the  decision 
of  the  court  or  judge  granting  or  refusing  such  temporary  injunction  and 
until  the  further  order  of  the  court  thereon.  The  restraining  order  may  be 
served  by  handing  to  and  leaving  a  copy  of  said  order  with  any  person  in 
charge  of  said  place  or  residing  therein,  or  by  posting  a  copy  thereof  in  a 
conspicuous  place  at  or  upon  one  or  more  of  the  principal  doors  or  entrances 
to  such  place,  or  by  both  such  delivery  and  posting.  The  officer  serving  such 
restraining  order  shall  forthwith  make  and  return  into  court  an  inventory  of 
the  personal  property  and  contents  situated  in  and  used  in  conducting  or  main¬ 
taining  such  nuisance.  Any  violation  of  such  restraining  order  shall  be  a  con¬ 
tempt  of  court,  and  where  such  order  is  so  posted,  mutilation  or  removal 
thereof,  while  the  same  remains  in  force,  shall  be  a  contempt  of  court,  provided 
such  posted  order  contains  thereon  or  therein  a  notice  to  that  effect.  A  copy 
of  the  complaint,  together  with  a  notice  of  the  time  and  place  of  the  hearing 
of  the  application  for  a  temporary  injunction  shall  be  served  upon  the  respond¬ 
ents  at  least  five  days  before  such  hearing.  If  the  hearing  be  then  continued 
at  the  instance  of  any  respondent,  the  temporary  writ  as  prayed  shall  be 
granted  as  a  matter  of  course.  Each  respondent  so  notified  shall  serve  upon 
the  complainant  or  his  attorney  a  verified  answer  on  or  before  the  date  fixed 
in  said  notice  for  said  hearing,  and  such  answer  shall  be  filed  with  the  clerk 
of  the  court  wherein  such  cause  is  triable,  but  the  court  or  judge  may  allow 
additional  time  for  so  answering,  providing  such  extension  of  time  shall  not 
prevent  the  issuing  of  said  temporary  writ  as  prayed  for.  The  allegations  of 
the  answer  shall  be  deemed  to  be  traversed  without  further  pleading.  If  upon 
the  hearing  the  allegations  be  sustained  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  court  or 
judge,  the  court  or  judge  shall  issue  a  temporary  injunction  without  bond 
restraining  the  respondents  and  any  other  person  or  persons  from  continuing 
the  nuisance.  When  the  temporary  injunction  has  been  granted,  it  shall  be 
binding  on  the  respondents  throughout  the  judicial  district.  Any  violation 
thereof  shall  be  contempt  of  court  to  be  punished  as  hereinafter  provided.  If 
at  the  time  of  granting  a  temporary  injunction,  it  shall  further  appear  that 
the  person  owning,  in  control,  or  in  charge  of  the  nuisance  so  enjoined  has 
received  five  days’  notice  of  the  hearing  and  unless  such  person  shall  show  to 
the  satisfaction  of  the  court  or  judge  that  the  nuisance  complained  of  has  been 
abated,  or  that  such  person  proceeded  forthwith  to  enforce  his  rights  under 
the  provisions  of  Section  12  of  this  act,  the  court  or  judge  shall  forthwith  issue 
an  order  closing  the  place  against  its  use  for  any  purpose  until  final  decision 
shall  be  rendered  on  the  application  for  a  permanent  injunction.  Such  order 
shall  also  continue  in  effect  for  such  further  period  the  restraining  order  abovq 
provided,  if  already  issued,  or  if  not  so  issued,  shall  include  such  an  order 
restraining  for  such  period  the  removal  or  interference  with  the  personal 
property  and  contents  located  thereat  or  therein,  as  hereinbefore  provided,  and 
such  restraining  order  shall  be  served  and  the  inventory  of  such  property  shall 


[59] 


FORM  3— INJUNCTION  AND  ABATEMENT 


be  made  and  filed  as  hereinbefore  provided;  provided,  however,  that  the  owner 
or  owners  of  any  real  or  personal  property  so  closed  or  restrained  or  to  be 
closed  or  restrained  may  appear  at  any  time  between  the  filing  of  the  com¬ 
plaint  and  the  hearing  on  the  application  for  a  permanent  injunction  and, 
upon  payment  of  all  costs  incurred  and  upon  the  filing  of  a  bond  by  the  owner 
of  the  real  property  with  sureties  to  be  approved  by  the  clerk  in  the  full  value 
of  the  property  to  be  ascertained  by  the  court  or,  in  vacation,  by  the  judge, 
conditioned  that  such  owner  or  owners  will  immediately  abate  the  nuisance  and 
prevent  the  same  from  being  established  or  kept  until  the  decision  of  the  court 
or  judge  shall  have  been  rendered  on  the  application  for  a  permanent  injunc¬ 
tion,  then  and  in  that  case,  the  court,  or  judge  in  vacation,  if  satisfied  of  the 
good  faith  of  the  owner  of  the  real  property  and  of  innocence  on  the  part  of 
any  owner  of  the  personal  property  of  any  knowledge  of  the  use  of  such 
personal  property  as  a  nuisance,  and  that,  with  reasonable  care  and  diligence, 
such  owner  could  not  have  known  thereof,  shall  deliver  such  real  or  personal 
property  or  both  to  the  respective  owners  thereof,  and  cancel  or  refrain  from 
issuing  at  the  time  of  the  hearing  on  the  application  for  the  temporary  injunc¬ 
tion,  as  the  case  may  be,  any  order  or  orders  closing  such  real  property  or 
restraining  the  removal  or  interference  with  such  personal  property.  The 
release  of  any  real  or  personal  property  under  the  provisions  of  this  section 
shall  not  release  it  from  any  judgment,  lien,  penalty,  or  liability  to  which  it 
may  be  subjected  by  law. 

Section  5. 

Trial  Proceedings,  Permanent  Injunction.  The  action  when  brought  shall 
be  noticed  for  trial  at  the  first  term  of  the  court  and  shall  have  precedence  over 
all  other  cases  except  crimes,  election  contests,  or  injunctions.  In  such  action 
evidence  of  the  general  reputation  of  the  place  or  an  admission  or  finding  of 
guilt  of  any  person  under  the  criminal  laws  against  prostitution,  lewdness,  or 
assignation  at  any  such  place  shall  be  admissible  for  the  purpose  of  proving 
the  existence  of  said  nuisance  and  shall  be  jjrima  facie  evidence  of  such  nuisance 
and  of  knowledge  of  and  of  acquiescence  and  participation  therein  on  the  part 
of  the  person  or  persons  charged  with  maintaining  said  nuisance  as  herein 
defined.  If  the  complaint  is  filed  by  a  person  who  is  a  citizen  of  the  county 
or  has  an  office  therein,  it  shall  not  be  dismissed  except  upon  a  sworn  state¬ 
ment  by  the  complainant  and  his  or  its  attorney,  setting  forth  the  reasons  why 
the  action  should  be  dismissed  and  the  dismissal  approved  by  the  county  attor¬ 
ney  in  writing  or  in  open  court.  If  the  court  or  judge  is  of  the  opinion  that 
the  action  ought  not  to  be  dismissed,  he  may  direct  the  county  attorney  to  pros¬ 
ecute  said  action  to  judgment  at  the  expense  of  the  county,  and  if  the  action 
is  continued  more  than  one  term  of  court,  any  person  who  is  a  citizen  of  the 
county,  or  has  an  office  therein,  or  the  attorney  general  or  the  county  attorney, 
may  be  substituted  for  the  complainant  and  prosecute  said  action  to  judg¬ 
ment.  If  the  action  is  brought  by  a  person  who  is  a  citizen  of  the  county  or 
has  an  office  therein  and  the  court  finds  that  there  were  no  reasonable  grounds 
or  cause  for  said  action,  the  costs  may  be  taxed  to  such  person.  If  the  exist¬ 
ence  of  the  nuisance  be  established  upon  the  trial,  a  judgment  shall  be  entered 
which  shall  perpetually  enjoin  the  respondents  and  any  other  person  or  persons 


[60] 


FORM  3— INJUNCTION  AND  ABATEMENT 


from  further  maintaining  the  nuisance  at  the  place  complained  of  and  the 
respondents  from  maintaining  such  nuisance  elsewhere  within  the  judicial 
district. 

Section  6. 

Order  of  Abatement.  If  the  existence  of  the  nuisance  be  admitted  or  estab¬ 
lished  in  an  action  as  provided  in  this  act,  or  in  a  criminal  proceeding  in  the 

. Court,  an  order  of  abatement  shall  be  entered  as  a  part  of  the 

judgment  in  the  case,  which  order  shall  direct  the  removal  from  the  place  of  all 
personal  property  and  contents  used  in  conducting  the  nuisance,  and  not  already 
released  under  authority  of  the  court  as  provided  in  Section  4,  and  shall  direct 
the  sale  of  such  thereof  as  belong  to  the  respondents  notified  or  appearing,  in 
the  manner  provided  for  the  sale  of  chattels  under  execution.  Such  order 
shall  also  require  the  renew'al  for  one  year  of  any  bond  furnished  by  the  owner 
of  the  real  property  as  provided  in  Section  4,  or,  if  not  so  furnished,  shall  con¬ 
tinue  for  one  year  any  closing  order  issued  at  the  time  of  granting  the  tempo¬ 
rary  injunction,  or,  if  no  such  closing  order  was  then  issued,  shall  include  an 
order  directing  the  effectual  closing  of  the  place  against  its  use  for  any  purpose, 
and  so  keeping  it  closed  for  a  period  of  one  year  unless  sooner  released; 
provided,  however,  that  the  owner  of  any  place  so  closed  and  not  released  under 
bond  as  hereinbefore  provided  may  now  appear  and  obtain  such  release  in  the 
manner  and  upon  fulfilling  the  requirements  as  hereinbefore  provided.  The 
release  of  the  property  under  the  provisions  of  this  section  shall  not  release 
it  from  any  judgment,  lien,  penalty,  or  liability  to  which  it  may  be  subject  by 
law.  Owners  of  unsold  personal  property  and  contents  so  seized  must  appear 
and  claim  same  within  ten  days  after  such  order  of  abatement  is  made  and 
prove  innocence,  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  court,  of  any  knowledge  of  said  use 
thereof  and  that  with  reasonable  care  and  diligence  they  could  not  have  known 
thereof.  Every  defendant  in  the  action  shall  be  presumed  to  have  had  knowl¬ 
edge  of  the  general  reputation  of  the  place.  If  such  innocence  be  so  established, 
such  unsold  personal  property  and  contents  shall  be  delivered  to  the  owner, 
otherwise  it  shall  be  sold  as  hereinbefore  provided.  If  any  person  shall  break 
and  enter  or  use  a  place  so  directed  to  be  closed,  he  shall  be  punished  as  for 
contempt  as  provided  hereinafter.  For  removing  and  selling  the  personal 
property  and  contents,  the  officer  shall  be  entitled  to  charge  and  receive  the 
same  fees  as  he  would  for  levying  upon  and  selling  like  property  on  execution; 
and  for  closing  the  place  and  keeping  it  closed,  a  reasonable  sum  shall  be 
allowed  by  the  court. 

Section  7. 

Duty  of  County  Attorney — Proceeds.  In  case  the  existence  of  such  nui¬ 
sance  is  established  in  a  criminal  proceeding  in  a  court  not  having  equitable 
jurisdiction,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  county  attorney  to  proceed  promptly 
under  this  act  to  enforce  the  provisions  and  penalties  thereof,  and  the  finding 
of  the  defendant  guilty  in  such  criminal  proceedings,  unless  reversed  or  set 
aside,  shall  be  conclusive  as  against  such  defendant  as  to  the  existence  of  the 
nuisance.  All  moneys  collected  under  this  act  shall  be  paid  to  the  county 
treasurer.  The  proceeds  of  the  sale  of  the  personal  property,  as  provided  in 
the  preceding  section,  shall  be  applied  in  payment  of  the  costs  of  the  action 


[61] 


FORM  3—  INJUNCTION  AND  ABATEMENT 


and  abatement  including  the  complainant’s  costs  or  so  much  of  such  proceeds  as 
may  be  necessary,  except  as  hereinafter  provided. 

Section  8. 

Punishment  for  Contempt.  In  case  of  the  violation  of  any  injunction  or 
closing  order  granted  under  provisions  of  this  act,  or  of  a  restraining  order 
or  the  commission  of  any  contempt  of  court  in  proceedings  under  this  act,  the 
court  or,  in  vacation,  a  judge  thereof,  may  summarily  try  and  punish  the 
offender.  The  proceedings  shall  be  commenced  by  filing  with  the  clerk  of  the 
court  a  complaint  under  oath,  setting  out  and  alleging  facts  constituting  such 
violation,  upon  which  the  court  or  judge  shall  cause  a  warrant  to  issue  under 
which  the  defendant  shall  be  arrested.  The  trial  may  be  had  upon  affidavits 
or  either  party  may  demand  the  production  and  oral  examination  of  the  wit¬ 
nesses.  A  party  found  guilty  of  contempt  under  the  provisions  of  this  act  shall 
be  punished  by  a  fine  of  not  less  than  two  hundred  nor  more  than  one  thousand 
dollars,  or  by  imprisonment  in  the  county  jail  not  less  than  three  nor  more 
than  six  months,  or  by  both  such  fine  and  imprisonment. 

Section  9. 

Tax  of  $ 300.00 .  Whenever  a  permanent  injunction  issues  against  any  per¬ 
son  or  persons  for  maintaining  a  nuisance  as  herein  defined,  there  shall  be 
imposed  upon  said  nuisance  and  against  the  person  or  persons  maintaining  the 
same  a  tax  of  three  hundred  dollars;  provided,  however,  that  such  tax  may  not 
be  imposed  upon  the  personal  property  or  against  the  owner  or  owners  thereof 
who  have  proven  innocence  as  hereinbefore  provided,  or  upon  the  real  prop¬ 
erty  or  against  the  owner  or  owners  thereof  who  shall  show  to  the  satisfaction 
of  the  court  or  judge  thereof  at  the  time  of  the  granting  of  the  permanent 
injunction,  that  he  or  they  have  in  good  faith  permanently  abated  the  nuisance 
complained  of.  The  imposition  of  said  tax  shall  be  made  by  the  court  as  a 
part  of  the  proceeding  and  the  clerk  of  said  court  shall  make  and  certify  a 
return  of  the  imposition  of  said  tax  thereon  to  the  county  auditor,  who  shall 
enter  the  same  as  a  tax  upon  the  property  and  against  the  persons  upon  which 
or  whom  the  lien  was  imposed  as  and  when  other  taxes  are  entered,  and  the 
same  shall  be  and  remain  a  perpetual  lien  upon  all  property,  both  personal  and 
real,  used  for  the  purpose  of  maintaining  said  nuisance  except  as  herein 
excepted  until  fully  paid;  provided  that  any  such  lien  imposed  while  the  tax 
books  are  in  the  hands  of  the  auditor  shall  be  immediately  entered  therein. 
The  payment  of  said  tax  shall  not  relieve  the  persons  or  property  from  any 
other  taxes  provided  hy  law.  The  provision  of  the  laws  relating  to  the  collec¬ 
tion  of  taxes  in  this  state,  the  delinquency  thereof,  and  sale  of  property  for 
taxes  shall  govern  in  the  collection  of  the  tax  herein  prescribed  in  so  far  as 
the  same  are  applicable,  and  the  said  tax  collected  shall  be  applied  in  payment 
of  any  deficiency  in  the  costs  of  the  action  and  abatement  on  behalf  of  the 
state  to  the  extent  of  such  deficiency  after  the  application  thereto  of  the  pro¬ 
ceeds  of  the  sale  of  personal  property  as  hereinbefore  provided,  and  the 
remainder  of  said  tax,  together  with  the  unexpended  portion  of  the  proceeds 
of  the  sale  of  personal  property,  shall  be  distributed  in  the  same  manner  as 
fines  collected  for  the  keeping  of  houses  of  ill  fame,  excepting  that  ten  per  cent 
of  the  amount  of  the  whole  tax  collected  and  of  the  whole  proceeds  of  the  sale 


[62] 


FORM  4— CONTROL  OF  VENEREAL  DISEASES 


of  said  personal  property  as  provided  in  this  act  shall  be  paid  by  the  treas¬ 
urer  to  the  attorney  representing  the  state  in  the  injunction  action  at  tne 
time  of  final  judgment. 

Section  10. 

Imposition  of  Tax  Against  Property — Service  on  Owner.  When  such  nui¬ 
sance  has  been  found  to  exist  under  any  proceedings  in  the . 

Court  or  as  in  this  act  provided,  and  the  owner  or  agent  of  such  place  whereon 
the  same  has  been  found  to  exist  was  not  a  party  tQ  such  proceeding,  nor 
appeared  therein,  the  said  tax  of  three  hundred  dollars  shall,  nevertheless,  be 
imposed  against  the  persons  served  or  appearing  and  against  the  property  as 
in  this  act  set  forth.  But  before  such  tax  shall  be  enforced  against  such  prop¬ 
erty,  the  owner  or  agent  thereof  shall  have  appeared  therein  or  shall  be 
served  with  summons  therein,  and  the  provisions  of  existing  laws  regarding  the 
service  of  process  shall  apply  to  service  in  proceedings  under  this  act.  The 
person  in  whose  name  the  real  estate  affected  by  the  action  stands  on  the  books 
of  the  county  auditor  for  purposes  of  taxation  shall  be  presumed  to  be  the 
owner  thereof,  and  in  case  of  unknown  persons  having  or  claiming  any  owner¬ 
ship,  right,  title,  or  interest  in  property  affected  by  the  action,  such  may  be 
made  parties  to  the  action  by  designating  them  in  the  summons  and  complaint 
as  “all  other  persons  unknown  claiming  any  ownership,  right,  title,  or  interest 
in  the  property  affected  by  the  action”  and  service  thereon  may  be  had  by  pub¬ 
lishing  such  summons  in  the  manner  prescribed  by  law.  Any  person  having  or 
claiming  such  ownership,  right,  title,  or  interest,  and  any  owner  or  agent  in 
behalf  of  himself  and  such  owner  may  make,  serve,  and  file  his  answer  therein 
twenty  days  after  such  service  and  have  trial  of  his  rights  in  the  premises  by 
the  court;  and  if  said  cause  has  already  proceeded  to  trial  or  to  findings  and 
judgment,  the  court  shall  by  order  fix  the  time  and  place  of  such  further  trial 
and  shall  modify,  add  to,  or  confirm  such  findings  and  judgment  as  the  case 
may  require.  Other  parties  to  said  action  shall  not  be  affected  thereby. 

Section  11. 

Other  Provisions  to  Stand  When  One  or  More  are  Declared  Unconsti¬ 
tutional.  Should  any  provision  or  item  of  this  act  be  held  unconstitutional, 
such  fact  shall  not  be  held  to  invalidate  the  other  provisions  and  items  thereof. 
Section  12. 

If  a  tenant  or  occupant  of  a  building  or  tenement,  under  a  lawful  title  uses 
such  place  for  the  purposes  of  lewdness,  assignation,  or  prostitution,  such  use 
shall  annul  and  make  void  the  lease  or  other  title  under  which  he  holds  and, 
without  any  act  of  the  owrner,  shall  cause  the  right  of  possession  to  revert  and 
vest  in  him,  and  he  may  without  process  of  law  make  immediate  entry  upon 
the  premises. 

Form  No.  4 

Standard  Form  of  Law  for  the  Control  of  Venereal  Diseases 
Section  1. 

That  syphilis,  gonorrhea,  and  chancroid,  hereinafter  designated  as  venereal 
diseases,  are  hereby  declared  to  be  contagious,  infectious,  communicable,  and 


[63] 


FORM  4— CONTROL  OF  VENEREAL  DISEASES 


dangerous  to  the  public  health.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  one  infected  with 
these  diseases  or  any  of  them  to  expose  another  person  to  infection. 

Section  2. 

Any  physician  or  other  person  who  makes  a  diagnosis  in  or  treats  a  case 
of  venereal  disease,  and  any  superintendent  or  manager  of  a  hospital,  dis¬ 
pensary,  or  charitable  or  penal  institution  in  which  there  is  a  case  of  venereal 
disease,  shall  make  a  report  of  such  case  to  the  health  authorities  according 
to  such  form  and  manner  as  the  State  Board  of  Health  shall  direct. 

Section  3. 

State,  county,  and  municipal  health  officers,  or  their  authorized  deputies, 
within  their  respective  jurisdictions  are  hereby  directed  and  empowered,  when 
in  their  judgment  it  is  necessary  to  protect  the  public  health,  to  make  examina¬ 
tions  of  persons  reasonably  suspected  of  being  infected  with  venereal  disease, 
and  to  detain  such  persons  until  the  results  of  such  examinations  are  known,  to 
require  persons  infected  with  venereal  disease  to  report  for  treatment  to  a 
reputable  physician  and  continue  treatment  until  cured  or  to  submit  to  treat¬ 
ment  provided  at  public  expense  until  cured,  and  also,  when  in  their  judgment 
it  is  necessary  to  protect  the  public  health,  to  isolate  or  quarantine  persons 
infected  with  venereal  disease.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  all  local  and  state  health 
officers  to  investigate  sources  of  infection  of  venereal  disease,  to  cooperate 
with  the  proper  officials  whose  duty  it  is  to  enforce  laws  directed  against  pros¬ 
titution,  and  otherwise  to  use  every  proper  means  for  the  repression  of 
prostitution. 

Section  4. 

All  persons  who  shall  be  confined  or  imprisoned  in  any  state,  county, 
or  city  prison  in  the  state  shall  be  examined  for  and,  if  infected,  treated  for 
venereal  diseases  by  the  health  authorities  or  their  deputies.  The  prison 
authorities  of  any  state,  county,  or  city  prison  are  directed  to  make  available 
to  the  health  authorities  such  portion  of  any  state,  county,  or  city  prison  as 
may  be  necessary  for  a  clinic  or  hospital  wherein  all  persons  who  may  be  con¬ 
fined  or  imprisoned  in  any  such  prison  and  who  are  infected  with  venereal 
diseases,  and  all  such  persons  who  are  suffering  with  venereal  disease  at  the 
time  of  the  expiration  of  their  terms  of  imprisonment,  and,  in  case  no  other 
suitable  place  for  isolation  or  quarantine  is  available,  such  other  persons  as 
may  be  isolated  or  quarantined  under  the  provisions  of  Section  3,  shall  be 
isolated  and  treated  at  public  expense  until  cured,  or,  in  lieu  of  such  isolation 
any  of  such  persons  may,  in  the  discretion  of  the  Board  of  Health,  be  required 
to  report  for  treatment  to  a  licensed  physician,  or  submit  to  treatment  pro¬ 
vided  at  public  expense  as  provided  in  Section  3.  Nothing  herein  contained 
shall  be  construed  to  interfere  with  the  service  of  any  sentence  imposed  by  a 
court  as  a  punishment  for  the  commission  of  crime. 

Section  5. 

The  State  Board  of  Health  is  hereby  empowered  and  directed  to  make 
such  rules  and  regulations  as  shall  in  its  judgment  be  necessary  for  the  carry¬ 
ing  out  of  the  provisions  of  this  act,  including  rules  and  regulations  providing 
for  the  control  and  treatment  of  persons  isolated  or  quarantined  under  the 


[64] 


FORM  5— REMOVAL  FROM  OFFICE 


provisions  of  Section  3,  and  such  other  rules  and  regulations,  not  in  conflict 
with  provisions  of  this  act,  concerning  the  control  of  venereal  diseases,  and 
concerning  the  care,  treatment,  and  quarantine  of  persons  infected  therewith, 
as  it  may  from  time  to  time  deem  advisable.  All  such  rules  and  regulations 
so  made  shall  be  of  force  and  binding  upon  all  county  and  municipal  health 
officers  and  other  persons  affected  by  this  act,  and  shall  have  the  force  and 
effect  of  law. 

Section  6. 

Any  person  who  shall  violate  any  of  the  provisions  of  this  act  or  any  lawful 
rule  or  regulation  made  by  the  State  Board  of  Health  pursuant  to  the  authority 
herein  granted,  or  who  shall  fail  or  refuse  to  obey  any  lawful  order  issued  by 
any  state,  county,  or  municipal  health  officer,  pursuant  to  the  authority  granted 
in  this  act,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  shall  be  punished  by 
a  fine  of  not  more  than  $1,000  or  by  imprisonment  for  not  more  than  a  year 
or  by  both  such  fine  and  imprisonment. 

Section  7. 

All  laws  or  parts  of  laws  in  conflict  with  the  provisions  of  this  act  be 
and  the  same  are  hereby  repealed. 

Form  No.  5 

Standard  Form  of  Law  for  the  Removal  from  Office  of  Officers 
Guilty  of  Misfeasance  or  Nonfeasance  in  Office,  Based 
on  the  Law  of  Tennessee  (Sections  1166  a-32  to 
1166  a-50,  Tennessee,  Code  1918) 

Section  1. 

Every  person  holding  any  office  of  trust  or  profit,  under  and  by  virtue  of 

any  of  the  laws  of  the  state  of . .  either  state,  county,  or  municipal 

office,  except  such  officers  as  are  by  the  constitution  removable  only  and  exclu¬ 
sively  by  methods  other  than  those  provided  in  this  act,  who  shall  knowingly  or 
wilfully  neglect  to  perform  any  duty  enjoined  upon  such  officer  by  any  of  the 
laws  of  the  state,  or  any  regulation  or  ordinance  promulgated  or  passed  pur¬ 
suant  to  law,  or  who  shall  commit  any  act  constituting  a  violation  of  any  penal 
statute  involving  moral  turpitude,  shall  forfeit  his  office  and  shall  be  ousted 
from  such  office  in  the  manner  hereinafter  provided. 

Section  2. 

It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  attorney-general  of  the  state,  the  district  attor¬ 
neys  for  the  state,  county  attorneys,  and  city  attorneys,  within  their  respective 
jurisdictions,  on  notice  being  received  by  them  in  writing  that  any  officer  herein 
mentioned  has  been  guilty  of  any  of  the  acts,  omissions,  or  offenses  set  out  in 
Section  1  of  this  act,  forthwith  to  investigate  such  complaint,  and  if  upon  inves¬ 
tigation  he  shall  find  that  there  is  a  reasonable  cause  for  such  complaint,  he 
shall  forthwith  institute  proceedings  in  the  court  of  the  proper  county,  to  oust 
such  officer  from  his  office. 


[65] 


FORM  5 — REMOVAL  FROM  OFFICE 


Section  3. 

The  petition  or  complaint  shall  be  in  the  name  of  the  state  of . 

and  may  be  filed  upon  the  relation  of  the  attorney-general  of  the  state  or  dis¬ 
trict  attorney  for  the  state,  or  the  county  attorney  in  the  case  of  county  officers, 
and  of  the  city  attorney  or  the  district  attorney  for  the  state,  in  case  of  munici¬ 
pal  officers,  and  in  all  cases  it  may  be  filed  without  the  concurrence  of  any  of 
said  officers  upon  the  relation  of  ten  or  more  citizens  and  freeholders  of  the 
state,  county,  or  city,  as  the  case  may  be,  upon  their  giving  the  usual  security 
for  costs.  It  shall  also  be  the  duty  of  the  attorney-general  of  the  state,  in  the 
case  of  state  officers,  and  of  the  district  attorney  for  the  state,  and  the  county 
attorney,  if  there  be  one  for  the  county,  in  the  case  of  county  officers,  and  of 
the  city  attorney,  or  the  district  attorney  for  the  state,  in  case  of  municipal 
officers,  to  file  such  petition  or  complaint,  upon  being  directed  or  requested  in 
writing  so  to  do  by  the  governor. 

Section  4. 

Such  proceedings  against  state  officers,  when  brought  by  or  upon  relation 
of  the  attorney-general  of  the  state,  shall  be  at  the  expense  of  the  state;  when 
brought  against  county  officers  by  or  upon  the  relation  of  any  of  the  officers 
above  named,  they  shall  be  at  the  expense  of  the  county;  when  brought  against 
municipal  officers  by  or  upon  the  relation  of  the  city  attorney,  or  the  district 
attorney  for  the  state,  they  shall  be  at  the  expense  of  the  municipality;  and 
when  brought  by  or  upon  the  relation  of  citizens  and  freeholders,  they  shall  be 
at  the  expense  of  relators;  provided,  that  in  all  cases,  where  such  proceedings 
are  successful,  full  costs  shall  be  adjudged  against  the  defendant;  and  provided 
further  that  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  attorney-general  of  the  state  upon 
request  of  relator  citizens  and  freeholders,  to  aid  and  assist  in  the  prosecution 
of  such  proceedings  against  county  officers,  and  of  city  attorneys  or  the  district 
attorneys  for  the  state,  upon  like  request,  to  aid  and  assist  in  the  prosecution 
of  such  proceedings  against  municipal  officers  other  than  themselves. 

Section  5. 

The  governor  shall  have  power,  and  it  shall  be  his  duty  whenever  he  has 
knowledge  that  reasonable  grounds  exist  for  the  proceedings  authorized  by  this 
act  against  any  state,  county,  or  municipal  officer,  to  direct  the  attorney-general 
of  the  state  or  district  attorney  or  county  attorney  or  city  attorney,  as  the 
case  may  be,  to  institute  and  prosecute  the  same  against  the  offending  officer. 
And  the  governor  may  in  all  cases  employ  on  behalf  of  the  state  additional 
counsel  to  aid  in  the  prosecution  of  such  proceedings. 

Section  6. 

The  accused  shall  be"  named  as  defendant,  and  the  petition  or  complaint, 
except  when  filed  upon  the  relation  of  the  law  officers  of  the  state,  district, 
county,  or  municipality,  shall  be  verified  by  oath  or  affidavit,  shall  state  the 
charges  against  defendant  with  reasonable  certainty,  and  be  subject  to  amend¬ 
ment  as  in  other  actions. 

Section  7. 

Upon  the  filing  of  the  complaint  or  petition  for  the  writ  of  ouster,  a  sum¬ 
mons  shall  issue  for  the  defendant,  and  there  shall  accompany  the  summons 


[66] 


FORM  5— REMOVAL  FROM  OFFICE 


and  be  served  upon  the  defendant,  a  copy  of  the  complaint  or  petition  filed 
against  him,  and  the  defendant  shall  have  the  right  to  answer  within  twenty 
days  from  such  service,  but  only  upon  his  oath  or  solemn  affirmation  equivalent 
to  his  oath.  The  petition  and  answer  shall  constitute  the  only  pleadings  allowed, 
and  all  allegations  in  the  answer  shall  be  deemed  controverted,  and  any  and 
all  questions  as  to  the  sufficiency  of  the  petition  or  complaint  shall  be  raised  and 
determined  upon  the  trial  of  the  case,  and  if  such  petition  or  complaint  is  held 
to  be  insufficient  in  form,  the  same  shall  be  amended  at  once,  and  such  amend¬ 
ment  shall  not  delay  the  trial  of  the  case.  The  proceedings  under  this  act  shall 
be  conducted  in  accordance  with  the  procedure  of  courts  of  equity  where  not 
otherwise  expressly  provided  herein,  and  all  courts  having  cognizance  of  pro¬ 
ceedings  hereunder  are  hereby  given  the  full  jurisdiction  and  powers  of  equity 
with  respect  to  such  proceedings. 

Section  8. 

Said  proceedings  in  ouster  shall  be  summary  and  triable  as  an  equitable 
action,  and  shall  have  precedence  over  civil  and  criminal  actions,  and  shall  be 
tried  at  the  first  term  after  the  filing  of  the  complaint  or  petition  herein  named; 
provided  the  answer  herein  named  shall  have  been  on  file  at  least  ten  days 
before  the  day  of  trial.  A  continuance  or  change  of  venue  to  another  court 

or  to  the . Court  of  another  county  may  be  granted  on  either 

side  for  good  cause  shown,  but  no  continuance  shall  be  granted  by  an  agree¬ 
ment  of  the  parties. 

Section  9. 

If  the  defendant  shall  be  found  guilty,  judgment  of  ouster  shall  be  rendered 
against  him,  and  he  shall  be  ousted  from  his  office. 

Section  10. 

Either  party  may  appeal  or  prosecute  a  writ  of  error  to  the  Supreme  Court, 
from  the  final  judgment  or  decree,  but  such  appeal  or  writ  of  error  shall  not 
operate  to  suspend  or  vacate  the  judgment  or  decree,  but  the  same  shall  remain 
in  full  force  until  vacated,  reversed,  or  modified  by  the  Supreme  Court. 

Section  11. 

Upon  petition  or  complaint  being  filed  praying  for  a  writ  of  ouster  against 
any  of  the  officers  herein  named,  the  court,  judge,  or  chancellor  may,  on  appli¬ 
cation,  suspend  such  officer  or  officers  so  accused  from  performing  any  of  the 
duties  of  their  office,  pending  a  final  hearing  and  determination  of  the  matter 
and  thereupon  the  vacancy  shall  be  filled  as  the  law  provides  for  the  filling  of 
vacancies  in  such  office,  and  such  person  or  persons  so  filling  such  vacancy  shall 
carry  on  the  duties  of  the  office  until  such  hearing  shall  be  finally  determined 
or  until  the  successor  of  the  officer  so  suspended  shall  be  elected  or  appointed 
as  provided  by  law,  and  shall  have  qualified.  Such  officer  so  temporarily  filling 
the  office  shall  receive  the  same  salary  and  fees  as  are  provided  by  law  to  be 
paid  to  the  officer  so  suspended. 

Section  12. 

No  person  shall  be  suspended  under  the  provisions  of  this  act  until  at  least 
five  days’  notice  of  the  application  for  the  order  of  suspension  shall  be  served 


[67] 


o 

FORM  5— REMOVAL  FROM  OFFICE 

upon  him,  which  notice  shall  set  forth  the  time  and  place  of  the  hearing  of  said 
application,  and  said  officer  shall  have  the  right  to  appear  and  make  any 
defense  that  he  may  have  and  shall  be  entitled  to  a  full  hearing  upon  the 
charges  contained  in  the  complaint  and  upon  the  application  for  the  order  of 
suspension;  and  no  order  of  suspension  shall  be  made  except  upon  finding  of 
good  cause  therefor.  If  on  final  hearing  of  the  complaint  or  petition  herein 
provided  the  officer  is  not  removed  from  office,  he  shall,  if  he  has  been  sus¬ 
pended,  be  immediately  restored  to  his  office,  and  be  allowed  his  full  costs  and 
the  salary  and  fees  of  his  office  during  the  time  of  his  suspension,  against  the 
state,  county,  or  municipality,  as  the  case  may  be,  to  be  taxed  and  paid  as  in 
other  cases. 

Section  13. 

The  attorney-general  of  the  state,  the  district  attorneys  for  the  states 
county  attorneys,  and  city  attorneys,  shall  have  the  power  and  they  are  hereby 
directed,  whenever  complaint  has  been  made  and  the  names  of  the  witnesses 
furnished  them,  or  whenever  they  deem  necessary,  to  issue  subpoenas  for  such 
witnesses  so  furnished  them  and  for  such  persons  as  they  have  reason  to  believe 
have  any  knowledge  of  the  complaint  made,  to  appear  before  said  attorney- 
general  of  the  state,  district  attorney  for  the  state,  county  attorney,  or  city 
attorney,  at  a  time  and  place  to  be  designated  in  the  subpoena,  then  and  there 
to  testify  concerning  the  subject-matter  set  out  in  the  complaint. 

Section  14. 

Each  witness  shall  be  sworn  true  answers  to  make  to  all  questions  pro¬ 
pounded  to  him  touching  the  matter  under  investigation,  and  the  testimony  of 
each  witness  shall  be  reduced  to  writing  and  be  signed  by  the  witness.  The 
attorney-general  of  the  state,  the  district  attorneys  for  the  state,  county  attor¬ 
neys,  and  city  attorneys  are  hereby  authorized  and  empowered  to  administer 
the  necessary  oaths  and  affirmations  to  such  witnesses.  Any  disobedience  to 
such  subpoena  or  refusal  to  answer  any  proper  questions  propounded  by  said 
officers  at  such  inquiry,  shall  be  a  misdemeanor  and  shall  be  punished  by  a  fine 
of  not  more  than  five  hundred  dollars,  or  by  imprisonment  in  the  county  jail 
not  more  than  six  months,  or  by  both  such  fine  and  imprisonment. 

Section  15. 

No  person  shall  be  excused  from  testifying  before  said  attorney-general 
of  the  state,  district  attorney  for  the  state,  county  attorney,  or  city  attorney  at 
such  investigation,  or  in  any  investigation,  or  be  excused  from  testifying  in 
any  proceeding  brought  in  any  court  of  competent  jurisdiction  under  the  pro¬ 
visions  of  this  act,  on  the  ground  that  his  testimony  may  incriminate  him; 
but  no  person  shall  be  prosecuted  or  punished  on  account  of  any  transaction, 
matter,  or  thing  concerning  which  he  shall  be  compelled  to  testify,  nor  shall 
such  testimony  be  used  against  him  for  any  crime  or  misdemeanor  under  the 
laws  of  this  state. 

Section  16. 

In  all  appeals  to  the  supreme  court,  the  supreme  court  may  adopt  any 
procedure  not  inconsistent  with  this  act,  which  it  may  deem  necessary  for  a 


[68] 


FORM  6— REFORMATORY  FOR  WOMEN  OR  GIRLS 


full  and  final  hearing  and  determination  of  the  cause;  and  said  court,  on 
appeal,  shall  either  affirm  the  judgment  or  decree  of  the  lower  court  or  enter 
such  final  judgment  as  it  deems  that  justice  may  require.  On  appeal,  said 
cause  shall  stand  for  trial  at  the  first  term  after  such  appeal  is  perfected 
and  filed,  and  shall  have  precedence  over  all  civil  and  criminal  cases. 

Section  17. 

The  attorney-general  of  the  state  shall,  on  his  own  initiative  and  without 
any  complaint  having  been  made  to  him  or  request  made  of  him,  institute  pro¬ 
ceedings  in  ouster  against  any  of  the  state,  county,  and  municipal  officers,  under 
the  provisions  of  this  act,  and  the  district  attorneys  for  the  state,  county 
attorneys,  and  city  attorneys,  within  their  respective  jurisdictions,  shall  insti¬ 
tute  such  actions  without  complaint  being  made  to  them  or  request  made  of 
them  as  they  are  authorized  to  institute  upon  request  made  of  them  or  com¬ 
plaint  made  to  them,  when  they  have  information  that  any  officer  described 
in  Section  1  is  guilty  of  any  act  of  omission  or  commission  described  in 
Section  1. 

Section  18. 

Nothing  in  this  act  shall  be  construed  as  repealing  any  law  now  in  force 
in  this  state  making  it  a  crime  or  misdemeanor  for  said  public  officers  to  violate 
certain  statutes  of  this  state,  and  providing  a  punishment  for  said  violation; 
and  proceedings  under  this  act  shall  not  be  a  bar  to  proceedings  under  any 
criminal  statute  of  this  state  now  in  force  or  which  may  be  in  force. 

Section  19. 

If  for  any  reason  any  section  or  part  of  this  act  shall  be  held  to  be  uncon¬ 
stitutional  or  invalid,  then  that  fact  shall  not  invalidate  any  other  part  of 
this  act,  but  the  same  shall  be  enforced  without  reference  to  the  part  so  held 
to  be  invalid. 


Form  No.  6 

Standard  Form  of  Law  for  the  Establishment  of  a  Reformatory 
for  Women  or  Girls,  Based  Largely  on  the  Connecticut 
Statute  (Laws  of  Connecticut,  1917,  Chapter  358) 

[It  will  be  noted  that  the  statute  provides  that  at  least  three  women  shall 
be  on  the  board  of  directors.  Where,  under  the  constitution  of  a  particular 
state,  a  woman  cannot  hold  office,  the  same  purpose  can  be  served  by  providing 
for  a  board  of  directors  of  four  men  and  three  women,  the  latter  to  serve  as 
advisory  members. 

If  any  legal  difficulty  is  anticipated  from  the  provisions  of  discharge  and 
parole  on  account  of  the  fact  that  they  would  be  construed  as  an  attempt  by 
the  legislature  to  vest  in  the  board  of  directors  power  to  pardon  (usually 
vested  in  the  governor  of  the  state)  the  wording  can  be  so  changed  as  to 
permit  the  board  of  directors  to  recommend  discharge  and  parole  to  the 
governor.  With  certain  obvious  changes,  this  form  can  be  adapted  to  the 
establishment  of  prison  farms  for  men.] 


[69] 


FORM  6— REFORMATORY  FOR  WOMEN  OR  GIRLS 


Section  1. 

A  state  (reformatory  for  girls)  (reformatory  for  women)  to  be  known 

as  the  ( . State  Reformatory  for  Girls)  ( .  State 

Farm  for  Women)  is  established. 

Section  2. 

The  ( . State  Reformatory  for  Girls)  ( . State 

Farm  for  Women)  shall  be  under  the  management  of  seven  directors,  who  shall 
be  appointed  by  the  governor,  and  at  least  three  of  whom  shall  be  women. 
Within  sixty  days  after  the  passage  of  this  act,  the  governor  shall  appoint  one 
director  for  one  year,  one  for  two  years,  one  for  three  years,  one  for  four 
years,  one  for  five  years,  one  for  six  years,  and  one  for  seven;  and  one  year 
from  the  first  day  of  the  next  month  after  their  appointment  and  annually 
thereafter,  the  governor  shall  appoint  one  director  for  seven  years.  He  shall 
also  fill  by  appointment  any  vacancies  that  may  occur  for  the  unexpired  term 
or  terms  thereof.  The  governor  shall  have  power  to  remove  any  of  said  direct¬ 
ors  for  cause.  The  directors  shall  receive  no  compensation  for  their  services, 
but  shall  be  paid  their  necessary  expenses  incurred  while  engaged  in  the  per¬ 
formance  of  their  official  duties. 

Section  3. 

The  directors  are  authorized  to  purchase  in  the  name  of  the  state  as  a 
site  for  said  farm,  not  less  than  two  hundred  acres  of  suitable  land.  The 
board  of  directors  is  authorized  to  use,  if  practicable,  for  the  purpose  of  said 
institution,  any  site  owned  by  and  not  already  used  by  the  state. 

Section  4. 

The  directors  shall  cause  to  be  prepared  plans  and  specifications  for 
remodeling  or  erecting  on  such  site  necessary  buildings  for  a  suitable  plant 
for  the  institution,  which  plans  shall  provide  for  cottages  to  be  arranged  for 
the  proper  classification  of  inmates  as  to  the  character  and  needs  of  such 
inmates.  The  directors  shall  furnish  and  equip  the  same  ready  for  use.  Con¬ 
tracts  shall  be  made  by  the  directors,  and  those  calling  for  an  expenditure  of 
over  five  hundred  dollars  shall  be  duly  advertised  and  competitive  bids 
received  thereon.  When  such  buildings  have  been  prepared  and  equipped,  and 
the  necessary  staff  of  officers  has  been  organized,  the  directors  shall  so  certify 
to  the  governor,  who  thereupon  shall  issue  a  public  proclamation  that  the  insti¬ 
tution  is  ready  for  the  reception  of  inmates. 

Section  5. 

The  sum  of  .  dollars  is  appropriated  for  the  purchase  of  a 

site  for  the  institution  and  for  the  preparation  of  the  buildings  necessary  to 
start  the  institution  and  to  make  it  ready  for  the  reception  of  inmates  and  for 

the  payment  of  salaries  and  running  expenses  for  . fiscal  year  after  the 

passage  of  this  act. 

Section  6. 

The  directors  shall  have  control  of  the  institution,  determine  the  policy  of 
the  same,  and  make  necessary  rules  for  the  discipline,  instruction,  and  labor 


[70] 


FORM  6— REFORMATORY  FOR  WOMEN  OR  GIRLS 


of  inmates;  form  a  board  of  parole  and  discharge;  cause  to  be  kept  proper 
records,  including  those  of  inmates;  fix  salaries  of  the  officers  of  said  insti¬ 
tution,  appoint  from  thejr  number  a  president  and  a  secretary  who  shall  hold 
office  for  such  length  of  time  as  the  board  may  determine;  hold  meetings  at 
least  quarterly  at  said  institution  and  audit  the  accounts  of  the  Superintendent 
quarterly.  They  shall  report  annually  to  the  governor  the  general  and  financial 
condition  of  said  institution,  with  such  recommendations  as  they  may  desire 
to  make. 

Section  7. 

The  directors  shall  appoint  and  remove  at  discretion  a  superintendent  of 
said  institution,  who  shall  be  a  woman,  not  of  their  number,  and  who,  before 
entering  upon  the  duties  of  her  office,  shall  give  a  bond  to  the  state,  with  suffi¬ 
cient  surety,  in  the  sum  of  five  thousand  dollars,  and  shall  be  sworn  to  a  faith¬ 
ful  performance  of  her  duties.  The  superintendent  shall  receive  such  com¬ 
pensation  as  shall  be  fixed  by  the  directors  and  shall  reside  at  said  institution. 

Section  8. 

The  superintendent  shall  manage  said  institution  and  have  control  over 
the  inmates  thereof,  and  shall  make  rules  and  regulations  for  the  administra¬ 
tion  of  said  institution,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  board  of  directors.  The 
superintendent  shall,  also,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  board  of  directors, 
determine  the  number,  select,  appoint,  and  assign  duties  of  all  subordinate 
officers  of  said  institution,  who  shall  be  women  as  far  as  practicable,  and  shall 
be  sworn  to  a  faithful  performance  of  their  duties. 

Section  9. 

(а)  Any  girl  not  less  than  ten  nor  more  than  eighteen  years  of  age  who, 
upon  conviction  of  the  commission  of  any  crime  under  the  laws  of  this  state, 
may  be  sentenced  for  a  maximum  term  of  imprisonment  of  not  less  than  one 
year,  and  any  girl  not  less  than  ten  years  nor  more  than  eighteen  years  of 
age  who  may,  by  reason  of  incorrigibility  or  delinquency,  be  taken  into  cus¬ 
tody  by  the  juvenile  court  and  committed  to  an  institution  under  the  laws 
of  this  state; 

(б)  Any  woman  above  the  age  of  sixteen  years  who,  upon  conviction  of 
the  commission  of  any  crime  under  the  laws  of  this  state,  may  be  sentenced 
for  a  maximum  term  of  imprisonment  of  not  less  than  one  year; 

may  be  committed  to  the  (a)  ( .  State  Reformatory  for  Girls) 

(b)  ( .  State  Farm  for  Women). 

All  commitments  shall  be  for  an  indeterminate  period  of  time  not  to  exceed 
three  years,  except  where  the  maximum  terms  specified  by  laws  for  the  crime 
for  which  the  offender  was  sentenced  shall  exceed  that  period,  in  which  event 
such  maximum  term  shall  be  the  limit  of  detention  under  the  provisions  of 
this  act,  and  in  such  cases  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  trial  court  to  specify 
the  maximum  term  for  which  the  offender  may  be  held  under  such  commitment. 
No  (a)  (girl)  (b)  (woman)  shall  be  transported  or  conveyed  to  the  said  insti- 
tution  by  any  male  officer  unless  she  also  be  accompanied  by  a  woman.  Author¬ 
ity  is  given  to  the  board  of  directors  to  receive  and  detain  as  an  inmate  of  insti- 


[71] 


FORM  6— REFORMATORY  FOR  WOMEN  OR  GIRLS 


tution  any  (a)  (girl)  (b)  (woman)  who  may  be  sentenced  by  any  court  of 
the  United  States  to  a  term  of  imprisonment  of  not  less  than  one  year. 

Section  10. 

Said  board  of  directors  shall  constitute  a  board  of  parole  and  discharge. 
Any  inmate  of  the  institution  who  has  been  in  confinement  within  said  institu¬ 
tion  may,  upon  recommendation  of  the  superintendent,  be  allowed  to  go  on 
parole  in  the  discretion  of  a  majority  of  the  board. 

Section  11. 

While  upon  parole,  each  inmate  of  said  institution  shall  remain  in  the 
legal  custody  and  under  the  control  of  the  board  of  directors,  and  subject  at 
any  time  to  be  taken  back  to  said  institution  for  any  reason  that  shall  seem 
sufficient  to  said  board.  Whenever  any  paroled  inmate  of  said  institution 
shall  violate  her  parole  and  be  returned  to  the  institution,  she  may  be  required 
to  serve  the  unexpired  term  of  her  maximum  sentence,  computed  from  the  date 
of  her  parole,  in  the  discretion  of  the  board  of  directors,  or  she  may  be  paroled 
again  if  said  board  of  parole  so  decides.  The  request  of  said  board  of  direc¬ 
tors,  or  of  any  person  authorized  by  the  rules  of  said  board,  shall  be  sufficient 
warrant  to  authorize  any  officer  of  said  institution  or  any  officer,  authorized 
by  law  to  serve  criminal  process  within  this  state,  to  take  any  inmate  on  parole 
into  actual  custody,  and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  police  officers,  constables,  and 
sheriffs  to  arrest  and  hold  any  paroled  inmate,  when  so  requested,  without 
any  written  warrant,  and  for  the  performance  of  such  duty,  the  officer  per¬ 
forming  the  same,  except  officers  of  said  institution,  shall  be  paid  by  the  board 
of  directors  of  said  institution  out  of  the  institution’s  funds  such  reasonable 
compensation  as  is  provided  by  law  for  similar  services  in  other  cases. 

Section  12. 

If  any  inmate  shall  escape  from  said  institution  or  from  any  keeper  or 
officer  having  her  in  charge  or  from  her  place  of  work  while  engaged  in  working 
outside  of  said  institution,  she  shall  be  returned  to  said  institution  when 
arrested,  and  may  be  disciplined  in  such  manner  as  the  board  of  directors 
may  determine.  All  the  provisions  of  Section  11  relating  to  the  arrest  and 
return  of  paroled  inmates  shall  apply  to  the  arrest  and  return  of  escaped 
inmates. 

Section  13. 

The  board  of  directors  may  return  to  the  committing  court  or  other 
appropriate  court  any  inmate  committed  to  said  institution,  with  recommenda¬ 
tions  for  the  transfer  of  such  inmate  to  a  prison,  jail,  hospital  for  the  insane, 
institution  for  the  care  of  the  feeble-minded,  or  other  appropriate  institution 
to  which  such  inmate  might  have  been  committed  in  the  first  instance,  and 
thereupon  the  said  court  may  cause  such  inmate  to  be  committed  to  an  appro¬ 
priate  institution  or  dealt  with  according  to  law. 

Section  14. 

If  it  shall  appear  to  said  board  of  directors  that  any  inmate  on  parole, 
although  not  having  completed  her  maximum  term,  has  maintained  a  satis¬ 
factory  record,  and  will  continue  to  lead  an  orderly  life  if  discharged,  said 


[72] 


CARE  OF  THE  FEEBLE-MINDED 


board,  by  a  unanimous  vote  of  all  the  members  present  at  any  stated  meeting 
thereof,  may  discharge  such  inmate  from  said  institution. 

Section  15. 

If  any  woman  committed  to  said  institution  is,  at  the  time  of  her  commit¬ 
ment,  the  mother  of  a  child  under  one  year  of  age,  such  woman  may  retain 
such  child  in  said  institution  until  it  attains  the  age  of  two  years,  when  it 
shall  be  removed  therefrom.  The  board  of  directors  may  cause  such  child  to 
be  placed  in  the  care  of  a  suitable  agency  for  the  care  of  children  in  this 
state  and  pay  for  the  care  and  maintenance  of  such  child  at  the  rate  fixed  by 
law  until  the  mother  of  such  child  shall  be  discharged,  or  may  commit  such 
child  to  the  care  and  custody  of  some  relative  or  proper  person  willing  to 
assume  such  care  and  pay  for  such  child  at  the  same  rate,  if  deemed  necessary. 
Any  child  of  a  woman  committed  to  said  institution,  who  is  over  one  year  of 
ige  at  the  time  of  its  mother’s  commitment,  and  who  might  otherwise  be  left 
without  proper  care  and  guardianship,  shall  be  committed  by  the  trial  court, 
upon  the  same  terms  as  to  payment  as  herein  provided,  to  a  suitable  agency 
for  the  care  of  children  in  this  state,  or  to  the  care  and  custody  of  some  rela¬ 
tive  or  proper  person  willing  to  assume  such  care.  If  a  child  be  born  to  any 
woman  while  an  inmate  of  such  institution,  such  child  may  be  retained  in  said 
institution  until  it  shall  be  two  years  of  age,  when  it  shall  be  removed  there¬ 
from.  The  board  of  directors  may  cause  such  child  to  be  placed  in  the  care 
of  a  suitable  agency  for  the  care  of  children  in  this  state,  and  pay  for  the 
care  and  maintenance  of  such  child  at  the  rate  fixed  by  law  until  the  mother 
of  such  child  shall  have  been  discharged,  or  may  commit  such  child  to  the 
care  and  custody  of  some  relative  or  proper  person  willing  to  assume  care, 
and  pay  for  such  child  at  the  same  rate,  if  deemed  necessary. 

Section  16. 

The  board  of  directors,  in  making  rules  and  regulations  for  the  government 
of  said  institution,  shall  make  provision  for  a  broad  system  of  hygiene  (includ¬ 
ing  informational  hygiene,  health  advice,  and  physical  training)  for  a  system 
of  general  and  vocational  instruction,  including  useful  trades  and  domestic 
science:  for  agricultural  work;  and  for  proper  recreational  facilities. 

Section  17. 

This  act  shall  take  effect  from  its  passage,  except  such  provisions  as  pro¬ 
vide  for  the  commitment,  custody,  and  treatment  of  inmates,  which  shall  take 
effect  upon  issuance  of  the  proclamation  by  the  governor  as  provided  for  in 
Section  4. 

Suggestions 

For  a  Standard  Form  of  Law  for  the  Examination  and  Commit¬ 
ment  of  Feeble-minded  Persons  and  for  the  Establishment 
of  an  Institution  for  the  Custodial  Care  of 
Such  Persons 

[Though  no  standard  form  of  law  for  use  in  the  various  states  is  pre¬ 
sented  here,  owing  to  the  difficulty  of  drafting  a  law  to  meet  local  conditions, 


[73] 


CARE  OF  THE  FEEBLE-MINDED 


without  a  special  study  of  each  state’s  need,  the  fundamental  points  to  be  cov¬ 
ered  in  such  a  law  can  be  listed  as  follows.] 

1.  Administration  and  Supervision. 

General.  By  some  state  board  or  commission. 

Special.  Boards  of  trustees  for  each  institution. 

2.  Care. 

(а)  In  general  institutions,  such  as  state  schools  for  the  feeble-minded. 

(б)  In  general  institutions,  having  departments  for  defective  delin¬ 
quents. 

(c)  In  families. 

3.  Commitment. 

(а)  Persons  committed  (defining  the  type  of  persons  who  are  com- 
mittable). 

(б)  Legal  procedure  (stating  what  court  or  courts  shall  have  power  to 
commit  and  designating  the  procedure  necessary  for  commitment). 

(c)  Medical  qualifications  of  persons  given  authority  to  sign  com¬ 
mitments. 

4.  Conveying  Patients  to  the  Institution. 

(Designating  a  state  or  local  official  or  unofficial  person  authorized  to 
apprehend  and  convey  a  feeble-minded  person  to  the  institution 
to  which  he  has  been  committed.) 

5.  Transfer  of  Patients. 

(Designating  the  condition  under  which  an  inmate  of  one  institution  may 
be  transferred  to  another,  or  from  one  place  to  another  within 
the  state,  or  from  one  state  to  another.) 

6.  Parole  and  Discharge  of  Patients. 

7.  Cost  of  Maintenance. 

8.  Guardianship  and  Supervision. 

9.  Special  Education. 

10.  Marriage. 

11.  Sterilization. 

12.  Defective  Delinquents. 

(It  is  a  matter  of  the  greatest  importance  that  cognizance  be  taken  of 
this  special  group,  especially  when  the  problem  of  venereal  diseases 
is  being  studied  in  relation  to  the  problem  of  feeble-mindedness.) 

In  general,  laws  relating  to  the  problem  of  the  defective  delinquent  should 
provide  that  the  court,  upon  the  certification  of  two  physicians,  may  commit 
the  “case”  to  a  department  or  institution  for  defective  delinquents  when  it 
appears  that  the  offender  is  mentally  defective  and  not  a  proper  subject  for 
a  school  for  the  feeble-minded.  In  this  way  these  offenders,  instead  of  being 
placed  in  penal  and  correctional  institutions,  jails,  houses  of  correction  and 
the  like,  will  receive  care  and  treatment  suited  to  their  condition. 

In  conclusion,  it  is  again  recommended  that  persons  desiring  detailed 
information  regarding  laws  on  the  subject  of  feeble-mindedness  shall  commu¬ 
nicate  with  the  National  Committee  for  Mental  Hygiene,  50  Union  Square, 
New  York  City. 


[74] 


CARE  OF  THE  FEEBLE-MINDED 


The  Ratio  of  Feeble-mindedness  among  Apprehended  Prostitutes  is  at  Least 
Forty  Times  Greater  than  the  Ratio  among  Men  of  the 
Selective  Draft 


Percent  of 
Feeble-minded 
among  Drafted  Men  36 
0.65% 


Percent  of 
Feeble-minded 
among  Prostitutes  37 
25% 


Each  square  equals  one  per  cent 


36  Reported  by  Pearce  Bailey,  M.  D.,  late  colonel,  M.  C.,  U.  S.  A.,  chief 
of  section  of  neurology,  Office  of  the  Surgeon  General,  Washington,  D.  C. 

The  prevalence  of  feeble-mindedness  in  the  general  'population  has  been 


estimated  as  follows: 

Miner,  J.  B.,  Deficiency  and  Delinquency ,  page  55 .  0.5  % 

Rosanoff,  A.  J.,  M.  D.,  ‘‘Nassau  County  Survey,”  (Number  in 

this  county) .  0.5%% 

37  Special  studies  have  shown  percentages  as  follows: 

California  School  for  Girls,  124  cases .  34% 

New  York  Probation  and  Protective  Association,  500  cases..  37% 

Michigan  sex  offenders  with  venereal  disease,  900  cases .  24% 

Women  delinquents  in  New  York  state,  white,  English-speak¬ 
ing  only,  judged  by  army  standard,  447  cases .  22% 


[75] 


INDEX 


American  Library  Association.  26. 

Abatement.  Injunction  and  Abate¬ 
ment  Law.  52. 

Abatement,  Order  of.  61. 

Abdominal  operations  due  to  gonor¬ 
rhea.  49. 

Abolition  of  red-light  districts.  7. 

Adultery,  Form  of  law  on.  57. 

Advertising  specialists.  12,  20. 

Alabama.  Marriage  license  law.  21. 

American  Federation  of  Labor  resolu¬ 
tions.  49. 

American  Medical  Association.  49. 

American  Medical  Association  reso¬ 
lution  on  continence.  17,  48. 

American  plan.  9,  13,  47. 

American  plan,  Recreational  features 
of.  26. 

American  Public  Health  Association. 
49. 

American  Red  Cross.  10. 

American  Social  Hygiene  Association. 

10. 

— Department  of  Education.  14. 

— Law  Enforcement  Department.  14. 

— Public  Information  Department. 

14. 

— Purpose  of.  13. 

Appropriations  to  fight  venereal  dis¬ 
eases.  8,  28. 

Army. 

— Absences  due  to  venereal  diseases. 
19. 

— Program  for  preventing  venereal 
diseases.  17. 

— Venereal  diseases  in.  32,  33. 

Arsphenamine,  State  manufacture  of. 
19. 

Assignation,  Legal  definition  of.  56. 

Bailey,  Pearce.  75. 

Banns,  Publication  of.  21. 

Blindness  due  to  gonorrhea.  49. 

Board  of  parole.  72. 

Cabaret  proprietors.  15. 

California  School  for  Girls,  Cases  of 
feeble-mindedness.  75. 

Campaigns  against  venereal  diseases. 

12. 

Chambers  of  commerce.  10. 

Chiefs  of  Police,  International  Asso¬ 
ciation  of.  48. 

Child  of  delinquent  retained.  73. 


Cities,  Investigation  of  prostitution  in. 

6. 

Claims  for  segregation.  43. 

Clinics  for  venereal  diseases.  19,  20, 
31. 

Colleges,  Hygiene  teaching  in.  11. 
Commercial  prostitution  an  artificial 
product.  6. 

Commercialized  prostitution  can  be 
suppressed.  15. 

Commissions  to  investigate  prostitu¬ 
tion.  6. 

Common  law  marriages.  Abolition  of. 

21. 

Community  campaigns  against  vene¬ 
real  diseases.  8. 

Community  houses.  26. 

— Schools  used  for.  26. 

Compulsory  Prostitution  Law.  52. 
Connecticut  law  for  reformatory  for 
women.  69. 

— Prostitution  a  male  offense  in.  17. 
— Vice  repressive  law.  51. 

Contempt,  Punishment  for.  62. 
Continence  best  preventive  of  vene¬ 
real  diseases.  17,  46. 

— Compatible  with  health.  17,  46,  47. 
Control  of  venereal  diseases.  22. 

— Appropriation  for.  28. 

Council  of  National  Defense.  17. 

— General  Medical  Board  of.  46. 
County  attorney,  Duty  of.  61. 
Custody  during  parole.  72. 

Dance  halls,  licensing.  53. 

— Source  of  delinquency.  24. 

— Source  of  disease.  24. 

— Supervision  of.  24. 

Decreased  production  due  to  syphilis 
and  gonorrhea.  19. 

Defective  delinquents.  74. 

Defenders  of  prostitution.  15. 
Delaware. 

— Prostitution  a  male  offense  in.  17. 
— Vice  repressive  law.  51. 
Delinquency,  Prevention  of.  22. 
Delinquents,  Defective.  74. 

Dentists,  Campaign  to  reach.  12. 
Department  of  Education,  American 
Social  Hygiene  Association.  14. 
Detention  houses.  18,  24. 

Diphtheria  antitoxin  provided  by 
state.  20. 


[76] 


INDEX 


Division  of  Venereal  Diseases. 

— Activities  of.  12. 

— Public  Health  Service.  12. 

Divorce  laws,  Uniform.  50. 

Doctors,  Advertising.  20. 

Double  standard  of  morals  not  justi¬ 
fied.  17. 

Drafted  men,  Venereal  diseases 
among.  34,  37. 

Duties  of  medical  officer.  13. 

Duty  of  government  to  control  en¬ 
demic  diseases.  20. 

Early  diagnosis  of  venereal  diseases. 

30. 

Economic  loss  due  to  venereal  dis¬ 
eases.  19,  37. 

Education,  corner-stone  of  social  hy¬ 
giene.  25. 

Education,  Department  of.  14. 
Educational  health  work.  20. 
Educational  work.  25. 
Encouragement  of  continence  in  army. 
47. 

English  government.  Experiences  of. 
46. 

European  methods  in  dealing  with 
prostitution.  40. 

Examinations  of  prisoners  for  vene¬ 
real  diseases.  64. 

Exploiters  of  prostitution.  15. 

Failure  of  regulation.  41. 

Farm  colony  for  prostitutes.  23. 
Feeble-minded,  Colonies  for.  18. 
Feeble-minded  prostitutes.  Isolation 
of.  23. 

Feeble-mindedness.  74. 

— Among  drafted  men.  75. 

— Among  prostitutes.  75. 

— Due  to  syphilis.  49. 

— General  prevalence  of.  75. 

— J.  B.  Miner  on.  75. 

— Studies  of.  75. 

Fifty-fifty  plan.  29. 

Flexner,  Abraham.  40. 

Fornication,  Form  of  law  on.  57. 
Free  treatment  for  venereal  diseases. 

31. 

Freedom  from  venereal  disease  re¬ 
quired  for  marriage  license.  21. 

General  Education  Board.  40. 
General  Federation  of  Women’s  Clubs. 
50. 

General  Medical  Board,  Council  of 
National  Defense.  46. 

— Declares  continence  compatible  with 
health.  17. 

Girls,  Form  of  law  for  reformatory 
for,  69. 


— Reform  schools  for.  23. 

— Vocational  training  of.  22. 

Gonorrhea  among  prostitutes.  22. 

— Better  treatment  for.  11. 

- — Blindness  due  to.  49. 

— Cause  of  abdominal  operations.  49. 

— Prevalence  of.  19. 

— Preventive  measures.  11. 

Gorgas,  General,  quoted.  10. 

Governmental  recognition  of  social  hy¬ 
giene.  7. 

Hospital  treatment  of  venereal  dis¬ 
eases.  19. 

Hotels,  transient.  Law  concerning. 
53. 

Houses  of  prostitution  abolished.  8. 

Hygiene  in  colleges.  11. 

Hygiene  in  girls’  reformatory.  73. 

Idaho,  Venereal  diseases  not  reported 
in.  19. 

Indeterminate  sentences.  18,  23. 

Indiana,  Marriage  of  infected  a  mis¬ 
demeanor  in.  21. 

Industrial  campaign  against  venereal 
diseases.  12,  36. 

Industrial  school  farm.  23. 

Infected  persons,  Control  of.  30. 

Injunction  and  Abatement  Act,  Form 
of.  58. 

Insanity  due  to  syphilis.  49. 

Interdepartmental  Social  Hygiene 
Board.  10,  11,  27,  28. 

Investigations  of  prostitution.  6. 

Ireland,  Surgeon  General,  quoted.  10. 

Jewish  Welfare  Board.  26. 

Knights  of  Columbus.  26. 

Keeping  Fit  campaign.  2. 

Kiwanis  clubs.  10. 

Law  against  prostitution,  Form  pre¬ 
sented  to  states.  17. 

Law  Enforcement  Department, 
American  Social  Hygiene  Asso¬ 
ciation.  14. 

Law  enforcement  prevented  exposures. 
9. 

League  of  Women  Voters.  10,  50. 

Lectures,  Educational.  20. 

Legislation  needed.  9. 

Lewdness,  Definition  of.  56. 

Liability  to  accidents  due  to  venereal 
diseases.  37. 

Licensing  dance  halls.  24. 

Loss  of  time  in  army  due  to  venereal 
diseases.  37. 


[77] 


INDEX 


Maine  marriage  law.  21. 

— Prostitution  a  male  offense  in.  17. 

— Vice  repressive  law.  51. 

Manufacturers’  Association.  37. 

Marine  Hospital  Service.  12. 

Marriage  and  divorce  laws.  Uniform. 
50. 

Marriage,  Fitness  for.  50. 

— Legislation  to  protect.  21. 

Marriage  license  forbidden  to  in¬ 
fected  persons.  21. 

— Law  of  Virginia.  21. 

— Requirements  for.  21. 

Marriage  of  persons  with  venereal 
disease  void.  21. 

Marriage  of  syphilitic  misdemeanor 
in  Maine.  21. 

Married  women,  Venereal  diseases  in. 
49. 

Maryland,  Prostitution  a  male  offense 
in.  17. 

Maryland  vice  repressive  law.  51. 

Medical  Department,  American  Social 
Hygiene  Association.  14. 

Medical  examination  before  marriage. 

21. 

— Of  prostitutes.  7,  24,  41,  42. 

Medical  officer,  Duties  of,  13. 

Mental  examinations  before  marriage. 

21. 

Mental  status  of  prostitutes.  23. 

Michigan,  Marriage  of  infected  a  mis¬ 
demeanor  in.  21. 

— Sex  offenders,  Venereal  diseases  in. 

75. 

Military  efficiency  lessened  by  vene¬ 
real  diseases.  19,  33. 

Miner,  J.  B.,  on  feeble-mindedness. 
75. 

Misdemeanor  for  infected  person  to 
marry.  21. 

Morals,  Double  standard  of.  17. 

Motion  pictures,  Educational.  25. 

Museums  of  anatomy.  20. 

National  Committee  for  Mental  Hy¬ 
giene.  74. 

National  League  of  Women  Voters, 
social  hygiene  plank.  50. 

Navy  program  for  preventing  vene¬ 
real  diseases.  17. 

Necessary  evil,  Prostitution.  5. 

Nevada  not  cooperating.  13. 

— Venereal  diseases  not  reported  in. 
19. 

New  Hampshire,  Prostitution  a  male 
offense  in.  17. 

— Vice  repressive  law.  51. 


New  Jersey,  Marriage  of  infected  a 
misdemeanor  in.  21. 

New  York  marriage  license  law.  21. 
— Women  delinquents.  75. 

North  Carolina,  Prostitution  a  male 
offense  in.  17. 

— Vice  repressive  law.  51. 

North  Dakota  jmarriage  license  law. 

21.  • 

North  Dakota,  Prostitution  a  male 
offense  in.  17. 

— Vice  repressive  law.  51. 

Nostrums.  12. 

Officers,  removal  from  office.  65. 
Ohio,  Prostitution  a  male  offense  in. 
17. 

— Vice  repressive  law.  51. 
Oklahoma,  Marriage  of  infected  a 
misdemeanor  in.  21. 

Order  of  abatement.  61. 

Oregon  marriage  license  law.  21. 
Osier,  Sir  William,  quoted.  19. 
Ouster  law.  53. 

Ouster  law.  Form  of.  65. 

Parole,  Board  of.  72. 

— Violation  of.  72. 

Patent  remedies,  Suppression  of.  20. 
Penalty  for  failure  to  report  venereal 
diseases.  30. 

Pennsylvania  marriage  license  law. 

21. 

— Venereal  diseases  not  reported  in. 
19. 

Permanent  injunction,  trial  proceed¬ 
ings.  60. 

Physical  fitness  for  marriage.  50. 
Physicians,  Campaigns  to  reach.  12. 
Policewomen.  18. 

Prevalence  of  syphilis  and  gonorrhea. 

19. 

Prevention  of  delinquency.  22. 

Prison  farms.  18. 

Probation  for  young  offenders.  24. 
— Officers.  18. 

— When  to  be  granted.  56. 

Problem  of  combating  venereal  dis¬ 
eases.  4. 

Profits  in  prostitution.  15. 

Program  for  control  of  venereal  dis¬ 
eases.  46. 

Prohibition,  Military.  47v 
Prophylaxis.  47. 

Proprietary  remedies,  sale  forbidden. 

20. 

Prostitutes,  Feeble-mindedness  among. 
75. 

— Isolation  of  feeble-minded.  23. 


[78] 


INDEX 


•—Medical  examination  of.  7,  41,  42. 
•—Mental  examination  of.  23. 

•—Must  be  dealt  with  intelligently.  22. 
— Registered.  41. 

• — Rehabilitation  measures  for.  23. 
—Venereal  diseases  among.  22. 
Prostitution,  Campaigns  against.  6. 
—Commissions  to  investigate.  6. 

— Cannot  be  safe.  7. 

—Defenders  of.  15. 

—Enemy  of  the  family.  5. 

— European  methods  with.  40. 

— Form  of  law  on.  17. 

— Injunction  and  Abatement  Law 
against.  52. 

— Legal  definition  of.  51,  56. 

— Male  offense  in  ten  states.  18. 

— Necessary  evil.  5. 

— Offense  in  men.  17. 

— Profits  in.  15. 

— Regulation  ineffective.  6. 

— Regulation  unsuccessful  in  Europe. 
40. 

— Repression  of.  22. 

— Repressive  measures.  7. 

— Standard  form  of  law  for  repres¬ 
sion  of.  55. 

— State  laws  against.  51. 

— Stimulation  of.  15. 

— Suggested  laws  against.  51. 

— Suppressive  measures.  31. 

— Unnecessary.  5. 

Protective  social  measures.  11. 
Protective  social  workers.  11. 
Provisions  of  Vice  Repressive  Law. 
.  51. 

Public  Information  Department, 
American  Social  Hygiene  Asso¬ 
ciation.  14. 

Public  recreation,  Supervision  of.  24. 
Punishment  for  contempt.  62. 

Quack  advertising  forbidden  in 
twenty-three  states.  20. 

Quacks.  12. 

Railway  wrecks  due  to  syphilis.  36. 
Rape  law  applying  to  both  sexes.  53. 
Recreation  during  the  war.  26. 

— Protective  value  of.  25. 

Red-light  districts. 

— And  crime.  7. 

— 130  closed.  8. 

Reform  schools  for  girls,  Table  of. 
44. 

Reformative  treatment.  22. 
Reformatories  for  women,  States 
having.  23. 

Reformatory  for  women,  Form  of  law 
establishing.  69. 


Registered  prostitutes.  41. 

Regulation  of  prostitution  in  Europe. 
40. 

— Not  successful.  4,  40,  41. 

Regulations,  U.  S.  Interdepartmental 
Social  Hygiene  Board.  29. 

Remedies,  Proprietary.  20. 

Report  of  Surgeon  General.  33. 

Reporting  venereal  diseases.  64. 

Reporting  venereal  diseases  required 
by  law.  30. 

Repression  of  prostitution.  22. 

Resolutions  adopted  by  Council  of 
National  Defense.  46. 

Rhode  Island,  Prostitution  a  male  of¬ 
fense  in.  17. 

— Venereal  diseases  not  reported  in. 
19. 

— Vice  repressive  law.  51. 

Rosanoff,  A.  J.,  on  feeble-mindedness. 
75. 

Rotary  clubs.  10,  48. 

Rotary  clubs,  resolutions  of.  50. 

Royal  Commission  on  Venereal  Dis¬ 
eases.  46. 

Russell  Sage  Foundation.  26. 

Sale  of  proprietary  remedies  forbid¬ 
den.  20. 

Salvation  army.  26. 

Schools  as  community  houses.  26. 

Segregation,  Claims  for.  43. 

— Truth  about.  43. 

Sentence  according  to  age  of  girl.  71. 

Seventeen  states  forbid  sale  of  patent 
remedies.  20. 

Sex  education.  11,  14,  25. 

Sex  morality,  Attitude  of  War  De¬ 
partment  toward.  47. 

Sex  necessity.  Doctrine  of.  17. 

Social  Hygiene,  Agencies.  10. 

— Defined.  5. 

— Movement,  advance  during  war.  7. 

Social  measures.  Protective.  11. 

Solicitation  laws  in  states.  52. 

Standard  form  of  Injunction  and 
Abatement  Act.  58. 

— Law  for  control  of  venereal  dis¬ 
eases.  63. 

— Law  on  prostitution.  17. 

State  boards  of  health,  Cooperation 
of.  13. 

— Educational  work.  20. 

State  departments  of  health.  8. 

State  farm  for  women.  70. 

State  funds  for  venereal  disease  fight. 
13. 

State  health  officers,  Cooperation  of. 
13. 


[79] 


I 


INDEX 


State  reformatories  for  women.  18. 
States  having  compulsory  examina¬ 
tion.  19. 

— Reform  schools  for  girls.  23. 

— Reformatories  for  women.  23. 

— Solicitation  laws.  52. 

— Vice  repressive  laws.  51. 

States  requiring  reporting  of  venereal 
diseases.  19. 

Statistics  of  feeble-mindedness.  75. 

— Venereal  diseases.  37. 

Stimulation  of  prostitution.  15. 
Superintendent  women’s  reformatory 
a  woman.  71. 

Surgeon  General’s  report  quoted.  33. 
Syphilis  among  drafted  men.  37. 

— Among  prostitutes.  22. 

— Cause  of  feeble-mindedness.  48. 

— Cause  of  insanity.  48. 

— Greatest  killing  disease.  19. 

— Preventive  measures.  11. 

— Railway  wrecks  due  to.  36. 

Tax  against  property.  63. 

Tax  of  $300.  62. 

Taxicabs,  Licensing.  53. 

Temporary  injunction.  Application 
for.  59. 

Tennessee,  Ouster  law  of.  65. 

Time  lost  in  army  because  of  venereal 
diseases.  33. 

Transient  hotels,  Law  concerning.  53. 
Transmission  of  venereal  diseases.  4. 
Travel  of  venereally  infected.  30. 
Truth  about  segregation.  43. 
Tuberculosis,  bar  to  marriage  in 
Washington.  21. 

U.  S.  government,  repression  of  pros¬ 
titution  by.  7. 

U.  S.  Interdepartmental  Social  Hy¬ 
giene  Board.  10,  11. 

— Appropriation  for.  28. 

— Personnel  of.  28. 

—Program  of.  31. 

U.  S.  Public  Health  Service.  8,  10, 
12,  30. 

— Division  of  Venereal  Diseases.  12. 
Uniform  marriage  and  divorce  laws. 
50. 

Unscientific  treatment  by  advertising 
doctors.  20. 

Utah,  Marriage  of  infected  persons 
void  jn.  21. 

Venereal  disease  carriers.  Detention 
of.  19. 

Venereal  diseases. 

— Among  prostitutes.  22. 

— Appropriations  to  fight.  8. 

— Army  and  navy  preventive  program. 
17. 


— Campaigns  against.  8,  12. 

—  Clinics.  19,  20,  31. 

— Control  of  persons  infected.  30. 

— Cost  of  treatment.  20. 

— Diagnosis  and  treatment.  19. 

— Economic  loss  due  to.  19,  37. 

— Examinations.  64. 

— Form  of  law  for  control  of.  63. 

- — Free  treatment  of.  31. 

— Hospital  treatment  of.  19. 

— Ignorance  of.  7. 

— In  married  women.  49. 

— In  Michigan  sex  offenders.  75. 

— In  the  army.  32. 

— Menace  to  national  health.  7. 

— Not  reported  in  four  states.  9. 

— Peace  problem.  8. 

— Persons  infected  forbidden  to 
marry.  21. 

— Program  for  control  of.  46. 

— Reporting.  64. 

— Reporting  required  by  law.  30. 

— Source  of  transmission  of.  4» 

— State  budgets  for.  13. 

— Statistics.  37. 

— Understood  by  science.  19. 
Venereal  statistics,  Army.  33. 
Venereally  infected.  Travel  of.  30. 
Vermont. 

— Marriage  of  infected  a  misdemeanor 
in.  21. 

— Prostitution  a  male  offense  in.  17. 
— Vice  repressive  law.  51. 

Vice  Repressive  Law.  51. 

Violation  of  parole.  72. 

Virginia  marriage  license  law.  21. 
Vocational  training  of  girls.  22. 

War  Camp  Community  Service.  26. 
Woman’s  Christian  Temperance  Un¬ 
ion.  10. 

War  Department,  attitude  toward  sex 
morality.  47. 

Wayward  girls  not  of  one  class.  22. 
White  Slave  Law.  52. 

Wisconsin  marriage  license  law.  21. 
Woman  above  sixteen,  Maximum  sen¬ 
tence  for.  72. 

Woman  delinquent,  with  child.  73. 
Woman,  superintendent  of  state  re¬ 
formatory  for  women  and  girls.  71. 
Women  and  girls.  Work  with.  14. 
Women  delinquents  in  New  York.  75. 
Women,  Form  of  law  establishing  re¬ 
formatory  for.  69. 

Women  officials.  24. 

Work  with  women  and  girls.  14. 

Young  Men’s  Christian  Association.  26. 
Young  Men’s  Hebrew  Association.  10. 


[80] 


STATE  AND  LOCAL  SOCIAL-HYGIENE 
ORGANIZATIONS 

Among  state  and  local  social-hygiene  organizations  co¬ 
operating  in  the  national  campaigns  in  the  social-hygiene 
field  are  those  listed  below.  These  are  voluntary  agencies 
and  are  engaged  in  aiding  their  municipal  and  state  officials 
in  solving  local  social-hygiene  problems.  They  are  affiliated 
with  the  American  Social  Hygiene  Association,  the  national 
organization. ' 

The  Bureau  of  Social  Hygiene  (105  West  40th  Street, 
New  York,  N.  Y.)  is  a  special  volunteer  agency  devoting  its 
efforts  primarily  to  research  in  this  field  and  promoting  the 
application  of  its  findings  through  other  agencies. 

Chicago  Society  of  Social  Hygiene, 

32  North  State  Street,  Chicago,  111. 

Committee  of  Fifteen, 

807  Otis  Bldg.,  Chicago,  Ill. 

Committee  of  Thirteen, 

818  McKnight  Bldg.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

Committee  of  Fourteen, 

22  East  22nd  Street,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Committee  of  Twenty, 

201  Mayro  Bldg.,  Utica,  N.  Y. 

Connecticut  Society  of  Social  Hygiene, 

353  Church  Street,  Hartford,  Conn. 

Illinois  Social  Hygiene  League, 

118  West  Grand  Avenue,  Chicago,  Ill. 

League  of  Women  Voters, 

State  Committees  on  Social  Hygiene. 

Maryland  Social  Hygiene  Society, 

1305  Fidelity  Bldg.,  Baltimore,  Md. 

Massachusetts  Society  for  Social  Hygiene, 

50  Beacon  Street,  Boston,  Mass. 

Michigan  Society  for  Social  Hygiene, 

Universty  of  Michigan,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 

Missouri  Social  Hygiene  Association, 

4292  Washington  Avenue,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Morals  Efficiency  Committee, 

611  Equitable  Bldg.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Cooperating  Committee  of  the  New  Jersey  State  Chamber  of 
Commerce,  Clinton  Bldg.,  Newark,  N.  J. 

Oregon  Social  Hygiene  Society, 

720  Selling  Bldg.,  Portland,  Ore. 

Pierce  County  Social  Hygiene  Society, 

222  Tacoma  Bldg.,  Tacoma,  Wash. 

Cincinnati  Social  Hygiene  Society, 

Groton  Bldg.,  Cincinnati,  O. 

Social  Hygiene  Committee  of  New  Orleans, 

New  Orleans,  La. 

State  Law  Enforcement  League, 

670  Monadnock  Bldg.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Virginia  State  Social  Hygiene  Association, 

1010  East  Broad  Street,  Richmond,  Va. 

Watch  and  Ward  Society, 

142  Berkeley  Street,  Boston,  Mass. 

Women’s  Cooperative  Alliance, 

917  Andrus  Bldg.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 


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